Geography Semester 1 Midterm Exam Guide

Semester 1 Midterm Exam Guide

• Exam will cover 8 sections
• Section 1: True or False (Focus: Mountains)
• Section 2: Fill in the blanks (Focus: Rivers)
• Section 3: Matching (Focus: Pollution)
• Section 4: Long answer question (Focus: Water cycle)
• Section 5: Multiple choice (Focus: Cities)
• Section 6: Short answer questions (Focus: Open-ended questions)
• Section 7: Matching diagram (Focus: Rivers)
• Section 8: Analysis and answer questions (Focus: Pollution)
• Total marks: 60

Extra Practice Questions

• Definition of a mountain: A large natural elevation of the Earth's surface.
• Fold mountain range examples: Rocky Mountains, Himalayas, Andes (both b and c are correct).
• Rivers of ice: Icebergs
• High-altitude mountain vegetation: Grasses, mosses, and lichens.
• Human use of mountains: A storehouse of water.
• River importance to early civilizations: Providing water for irrigation and fertile soil.

Additional Questions

• River associated with Egypt: The Nile River
• River flood residue: Mud
• River impact on early settlements: Providing water for irrigation and supporting farming.
• River flowing through Ireland: River Lee
• Rio de Janeiro major challenges: Not urban sprawl, air pollution, waste disposals (overpopulation in rural areas).
• Rio de Janeiro primary language: Portuguese.
• Major problem in Kenya: Urban migration.
• Main islands of Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (All of the above)

Vocabulary List

• Source: Where a river begins
• Meander: A bend in a river
• Narrow: Thin or not wide
• Waterfall: A vertical drop in a river.
• Fast: Moving quickly
• Steep: Having a sharp slope or incline
• Floodplain: A flat area of land next to a river
• Estuary: Mixing fresh and salt water when a river meets the sea
• Flat: Level or even surface
• Flatter: Landscapes that promote meandering
• Mouth: Where a river enters the sea
• Sea: A large body of salt water
• Tributary: A smaller river flowing into a larger one
• Eruption: Sudden, violent outburst (volcanic)
• Volcano: A mountain with an opening for lava, rock, and gas

Mountain Formation and Types

• Tectonic plate collision: Forms mountain ranges from rock forced upwards
• Lava flow: Creates volcanic mountains when magma cools and hardens on the Earth's surface
• Mountain range definition: A connected group of mountains, found on land
• Mount Everest facts (2): 8,848.86 meters high, grows each year.
• Himalayas facts (2): Formed by tectonic plates, located in multiple countries (India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan).
• Andes Mountains facts (2): The world's longest continental mountain range, extending 8,900 km, has unique features such as the Atacama desert and Lake Titicaca.

Locations and Differences

• Location of mountains: All continents
• Stand-alone mountain: Individual peak not part of a range
• Mountain range: Series of connected mountains in a line
• Block mountain: Formed by tectonic forces fracturing the Earth's crust.

Facts about Specific Locations

• Kenya location/population: East Africa; 6-44 million people
• Kenya's capital city: Nairobi
• Kenya ecosystem attributes: Diverse ecosystems, known national park

Pollution Effects

• Water pollution effects (3): Ecosystem damage, food chain disruption, spread of waterborne diseases, contamination of drinking water affecting long-term health.
• Land pollution effects (3): Soil and water contamination, reduced fertile land, increased human health issues, climate change effects (flooding, rainfall).
• Air pollution effects (3): Respiratory problems, contribution to climate change (through greenhouse gases), and acid rain formation damaging forests, crops, and aquatic life.

Pollution Management

• Water pollution management (2): Implement wastewater treatment systems, promote eco-friendly detergents and organic fertilizers.
• Land pollution management (2): Practice reforestation, Implement solid waste treatments
• Air pollution management (2): Encourage energy-efficient technologies, install converters in vehicles to reduce emissions.

River Source Types

• Glacial headwaters: Formed by melting glacial ice
• Spring sources: Groundwater emerging at the surface
• Precipitation runoff: Rain or snowmelt flowing downhill

Food Exporting

• Food exporting definition: Sending food products from one country to be sold in another nation.
• Positive impacts of food exporting (2): Increased global food security and Economic benefits for exporting countries.
• Negative impacts of food exporting (2): Potential for price volatility and possible negative health effects.
• Coastal dangers (2): flooding and storm surge and erosion.

Water Cycle

• Evaporation: Water heated by the sun turns into vapor
• Condensation: Water vapor cools, forming clouds
• Precipitation: Water falls as rain, snow, hail
• Collection: Water gathers in bodies like rivers, oceans, lakes.
• 4 major steps of the water cycle: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.

Coastal Environment Threats

• Coastal pollution: Industrial pollution (chemical runoff, heavy metals)
• Coastal development: Tourism, urbanization, and industry negatively affecting the coastal environment, leading to erosion.

Prepare for your Geography Semester 1 midterm exam with this comprehensive guide covering eight key sections. From mountains and rivers to pollution and the water cycle, get ready to test your knowledge across various formats like true or false, fill in the blanks, and matching questions. Ensure you're well-prepared for a total of 60 marks!