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## Matter and its Properties ### Introduction Matter can be classified into three categories: 1. **Metals** * Have a lustre * Conduct heat and electricity * Are ductile * Are malleable * Examples: Gold, silver, copper, iron, mercury 2. **Non-metals** * Do no...

## Matter and its Properties ### Introduction Matter can be classified into three categories: 1. **Metals** * Have a lustre * Conduct heat and electricity * Are ductile * Are malleable * Examples: Gold, silver, copper, iron, mercury 2. **Non-metals** * Do not have lustre (exception: diamond and iodine) * Are poor conductors of heat and electricity (exception: graphite) * Are brittle * Examples: iodine, nitrogen, carbon 3. **Metalloids** * Have properties that lie between metals and non-metals * Examples: arsenic, silicon, germanium ### States of Matter Matter exists in three different states: * **Solid:** Particles are tightly held in a perfect order * **Liquid:** Particles are close to each other and can move around within the liquid * **Gas:** Particles are far apart as compared to those in liquid and solid ### Properties of Matter Matter can be classified into two categories: 1. **Physical properties:** Measured/observed without changing the chemical composition * Colour * Odour * Melting point * Boiling point * Density 2. **Chemical properties:** Observed when substances undergo a chemical change and their chemical composition changes * Flammability * Reactivity ### Measurement of Properties To measure something is to compare it to a standard quantity that is reproducible and unchanging. ### Physical Properties * **Mass and Weight:** * Mass is the amount of matter in a body * Weight is the measure of the gravitational force on a body ### Base Physical Quantities * Length * Mass * Time * Electric Current * Thermodynamic Temperature * Amount of substance * Luminous intensity