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# Lesson 2: Apply Major Social Science Theories ## What Is Socio-Cultural? The term "sociocultural system" encompasses three concepts: society, culture, and system. A culture is the learned behaviors shared by the members of a society, together with the material products of such behaviors. The wor...

# Lesson 2: Apply Major Social Science Theories ## What Is Socio-Cultural? The term "sociocultural system" encompasses three concepts: society, culture, and system. A culture is the learned behaviors shared by the members of a society, together with the material products of such behaviors. The words "society" and "culture" are fused together to form the word "sociocultural". ## What Is Economics? Economics is the social science of studying the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It developed in the 18th century based on the idea that Economics can be analyzed mathematically and scientifically. ## Politics in the Philippines Politics in the Philippines has traditionally been dominated by clans and political bosses and patronage. It is characterized by lawmakers who make decisions based on fiscal incentives rather than beliefs and voters who make choices based on personality rather than reasoned policies. Under the traditional *utang-na-loob* system of patronage, or obligation earned through favors, voters expect money or jobs in return for their political support. In many cases, a politician's performance was based on dole-outs not on programs or policies. ## Why Are Socio-Cultural, Economics and Politics Essential? These three areas are essential inside the community for development. ### What Is the Role of Sociocultural in Society? Sociocultural philosophy is concerned with how individual, social, and contextual issues impact human activity, especially learning and behavior. It investigates how social factors influence cognition and development, and how social and cultural practice shape and define thoughts. ### Socio-Cultural Characteristics Sociocultural factors are customs, lifestyles, and values that characterize a society. More specifically, cultural aspects include aesthetics, education, language, law and politics, religion, social organizations, technology, and material culture, values, and attitudes. ### Definition of Socio-Cultural Socio-cultural is a framework that emphasizes the responsibility of social and cultural context in human learning. It is a mixture or interaction of social and cultural elements; having different cultures respect each other's differences. These characteristics include: * Home Environment * Socio-Economic Status * Type of Family * Learning Environment in Home * Gender * Natural Differences Male/Female Effect on Biagnese in Learning and Personality Development * Language Heterogenic Deity of Language Classroom Interactions * Effect of Mother Tongue on Learning ### Implications of Socio-Cultural Diversity #### Implications of Socio-Cultural Diversity From the Perspective of the Teacher The teacher must: * Be professional * Give pupils equal treatment without any cultural restrictions * Be punctual and use various T&L methods * Respect students and be responsible to create a friendly learning community * Be sensitive * Consider other's feelings * Be friendly with everyone * Accept the differences #### Implications of Socio-Cultural Diversity From the Perspective of the School The school must: * Promote unity among students * Use Malay language as the official language * Give equal opportunities to receive the same education * Create a school vision that promotes unity * Comprise rules and routines in school, and moral values that can be acquired through extracurricular activities. #### Implications of Socio-Cultural Diversity From the Perspective of the Family * Express your concern if you see different discipline consequences for different groups of students. * If there's a racial hierarchy, ask what the school can do to change it. * Parents should advise their kids to respect others who are different from them. **Schools are the second home and place of a child in order to develop them, let us treat our school carefully.** ## Effects of Socio-Cultural Diversity * Structured classroom activities can highlight diversity. In a classroom, the teacher can structure learning groups that are diverse and devise activities that require each student to contribute to the group. In this way, students learn that each person in a group can contribute and has something of value to say. * Mutual respect is part of the equation. Teachers should never tolerate disrespect. They should establish ground rules for the class, and even let the kids help to establish these rules. * No Child Left Behind shines the light on achievement gaps among diverse groups of students. Schools should strive to create an environment where all children feel valued and all children can learn. ## The Role of Economics in Society Economics is concerned with the optimal distribution of scarce resources within society. For example, economics is concerned with how individual decisions, like how firms produce goods and which goods people buy, are made. An important element in economics is concerned with the extent to which governments can intervene in the economy to improve economic welfare. Economics is also concerned with wider issues such as economic growth and unemployment - issues.