Mura Past Papers PDF

# DOMANDE MURA_COMPLETO (si spera) ## 1. What is one part of the heuristic legacy of special education? - hyper-specialization to guarantee school inclusion; the preparation of all those who work in the field of inclusion - becoming the glue useful for creating widespread skills, welcoming envir...

# DOMANDE MURA_COMPLETO (si spera) ## 1. What is one part of the heuristic legacy of special education? - hyper-specialization to guarantee school inclusion; the preparation of all those who work in the field of inclusion - becoming the glue useful for creating widespread skills, welcoming environments, and a structured system of non-improvised interventions - none of the above ## 2. What are the different paradigms (in chronological order) that have alternated and succeeded each other over time, which are at the base of inclusive processes? - disability - BES - DSA - inclusion - integration - insertion - integration - insertion - inclusion ## 3. The Law 820/1971 decrees: - a strong impetus to teaching with the introduction of full-time - the establishment of collegiate bodies - the inclusion of people with disabilities in mainstream classes, abolishing parallel pathways ## 4. The Gentile reform of 1923: - marks the beginning of schooling for those with disabilities - marks an important step towards the recognition of association commitment - marks the beginning of the schooling of students with severe intellectual disabilities ## 5. What abilities was Itard able to develop in Victor from the processes of imitation? - Association, comparison and recognition - Association, combination and recognition - Association, combination and evocation ## 6. What characteristics do the proposed teaching materials of Maria Montessori have? - of an autoeducative nature - supportive and encouraging for children with a high attention span - usable only with the help of the teacher ## 7. The transition from medicine to educational science of Maria Montessori: - was an enlightening revelation within the pedagogical activity that she had carried out with the mentally weak in the orthopedic school - occurred thanks to the knowledge of French educational history ## 8. Who defines special education as a "science of complexity"? - De Anna - Gaspari - D'Alonzo ## 9. Which group of scholars extends the concept of special education to BES? - Montuschi, Gaspari - Cottini, Gelati, Pavone - Canevaro, Cottini, Mura ## 10. Mark the beginning of the inclusion of children with disabilities: - Constitution - Gentile Reform - Law 517/1977 ## 11. Ferruccio Montesano is considered: - one of the founders of Italian psychology and neuropsychiatry - a close associate and student of Pinel - the creator of the physiological method ## 12. De Sanctis' work "Education of the Deficient" (1915) has the intention: - to promote the birth of the Roman Association pro deficients and abnormals - to write a method for the assessment of facilitating contexts, taking into account the needs of all BES - to provide a significant contribution to teachers and educators by drawing up a new autonomous discipline: the Psychopedagogy of the Abnormal ## 13. Sèguin raises accusations and criticisms: - to the medical class - to the school organization and to the directors of special schools - to all his teachers and predecessors, with greater importance to the medical class ## 14. J.E. Dominique Esquirol was a: - doctor - teacher - teacher ## 15. The main objectives of Itard's intervention can be summarized as: - mobilizing on these three levels the man in his integrity: activity, intelligence and will - linking him to social life, awakening nervous sensitivity, extending the sphere of his ideas, leading him to the use of the word, exercising on objects of his physical needs simple operations of spirit to then move on to objects that can instruct him - learning the main concepts of mathematics and Italian through cooperative family learning ## 16. What is the historical context of France at the end of the 1700s, in which Jean Marc Itard worked? - a context of scientific and philosophical interest in the study of man, called the Age of Enlightenment - a context of rediscovery of romanticism and its strengths - a context of emancipatory drive given by the emerging associations in those years ## 17. Why is "microhistory" important in tracing the origins of Special Education? - because it is the only one with reliable sources - because the history of the winners is already microhistory in itself, therefore it needs to be deepened - in order to identify the exceptions where, even in the past, the person with disabilities was considered educable ## 18. When dealing with historical events, why is it important to also deal with "uncomfortable" stories? - so as not to disturb consciences and awareness today - because they play a role as a prod in relation to current awareness that is not yet fully mature - because uncomfortable events, like tragedies, are absolutely the most important to deal with than any other historical aspect ## 19. The first attempt to homogenize concepts and definitions related to the disabling process is with the classification: - ICF - PPH - ICIDH ## 20. The classification that is based on the concept of equivalence is: - ICF - ICIDH - PPH ## 21. The public life of Maria Montessori begins: - with the Naples conference - with the Turin conference - with the opening of the orthopedic teacher training school ## 22. Autonomy is: - the ability to take care of yourself from a physical point of view - the ability to choose for yourself - having an independent life ## 23. In our country, the debate on the demolition of architectural barriers takes place for the first time: - with law 118/71 - at the conference in Stresa - with law 517/77 ## 24. The training courses for specialist teachers transition from a medical to a more pedagogical characterization with the following law: - 104/92 - DPR 970/75 - 215/87 ## 25. What is meant by the metaphor of polyphony? - harmonization of the different professional figures that interact for inclusive purposes - the need for each operator of the different sectors that revolve around inclusiveness to say exactly the same things - each person with a disability must surround themselves with operators who share their vision ## 26. To achieve the full integration of the person with disabilities, it is necessary: - to rely exclusively on specialist professions - to rely exclusively on therapeutic or assistance responses - to demand ecological responses that call for sensitivity and widespread skills ## 27. Mark the correct chronological sequence of the different regulations on disability: - Declaration of Salamanca, Declaration of the rights of persons with disabilities, Luxembourg Card - CRPD, Luxembourg Card, Declaration of rights of mental retardation - Declaration of rights of mental retardation, Declaration of Salamanca, Luxembourg Card, CRPD ## 28. What does the "polyphonic metaphor" refer to: - to the need to make one's voice heard about the most general issues of disability - to the need to find a shared and new definition of the term disability - to the need to harmonize the multiple contributions of the different professional figures on the issues of inclusion ## 29. The specialist teacher: - is a teacher with at least 10 years of field experience - is an activator and modulator of internal and external resources to the school - does not exist ## 30. The concepts of self-sufficiency and autonomy: - are synonyms and both refer to the ability to take care of yourself - are synonyms and both refer to the ability to choose consciously for yourself - are two different concepts: the first refers to the ability to take care of yourself; the second refers to the ability to choose ## 31. According to Gelati (2001 and 2004) the object of Special Education must be: - the response to the educational needs of all, even adults - the response to the educational needs of children only - the elaboration of a discipline isolated from all others ## 32. Who has foreseen the preparation of a "biographic card" for the drafting of the student's personal profiles, anticipating the current diagnostic functionality? - Montesano - De Sanctis - Montessori ## 33. What can be considered the ultimate goal of Seguin's method? - Humanization - Social inclusion - Education ## 34. Who did the "children's house" cater to? - Children with brain damage - Normal children - Children with disabilities ## 35. Who founded the League for the Protection of Deficient Children? - Bonfigli, Montesano, and Montessori - Montesano, Montessori, and Sciamanna - de Sanctis, Montesano, and Montessori ## 36. Among the first signs of the educability and trainability of people with disabilities we have: - The Rem stele - The Talmud - The Code of Hammurabi ## 37. The first school for the blind in Italy was founded: - in Naples in 1818 - in Rome in 1810 - in Milan in 1815 ## 38. Sèguin does not clearly explain the concept of: - idea - will - concept ## 39. According to Itard, Victor is considered a: - idiot - apparent idiot - disabled relational ## 40. Itard writes his two main works: - in 1801 and 1805 - in 1805 and 1807 - in 1801 and 1807 ## 41. The one who anticipates the concept of individualization is: - Itard - De Sanctis - Montesano ## 42. One characteristic of the specialist teacher for De Sanctis is: - calmness - bearing - rigidity ## 43. Montesano: - creates the clinical method - creates the physiological method - founds the Teacher Training School for Orthophrenics in 1900 with Montessori ## 44. In which law is the concept of Specific Learning Disabilities introduced? - 118/1971 - 170/2010 - 104/1992 ## 45. In what year was the Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Mental Retardation promulgated? - 1971 - 1972 - 1981 ## 46. The 'Biographic Card' proposed by Sante De Sanctis can be considered: - the anticipation of the current functional diagnosis - the equivalent of the current Individualized Educational Plan - the forerunner of the current Personalized Educational Plan ## 47. Who provided the first profile of a specialized teacher? - Sante de Sanctis - Maria Montessori - Giuseppe Ferruccio Montesano ## 48. When and where was the first institute for the education of deaf-mutes founded? - in 1771 in Paris - in 1771 in Rome - in 1784 in Paris ## 49. Inclusion requires: - a process of "inter-action" between multiple subjects - a process of medicalization and education - a process of interaction between specialists ## 50. In the context of Disability Studies, disability is: - an individual condition - the outcome of a social construct - the outcome of an illness ## 51. According to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN 2006), disability is: - an incurable pathology - a physical and mental impairment - an ordinary possibility of the human condition ## 52. The Luxembourg Card of 1996 proposes: - that schools encourage international and intra-community mobility in favor of inclusive projects - an international strategy for new differential classes - that the education of children with disabilities begins after the age of 18 ## 53. Which of these objectives CANNOT be considered the property of the culture of inclusion? - creating a hyperspecialistic culture within Special Education - having common elements in the basic training of the professionals involved - creating full accessibility, Universal Design ## 54. Who had the first Chair of Special Education in Italy (in 1964)? - Canevaro - Montuschi - Zavalloni ## 55. The Capability Approach arises from a theoretical orientation: - philosophical - political-economic - medical and psychological ## 56. What year are the Guidelines for the School Integration of Students with Disabilities (MIUR) from? - 2000 - 2005 - 2009 ## 57. Which method among the three inspires Montessori? - Itard - Pinel - Seguin ## 58. In what year was the Freniatria Society founded? - 1800 - 1874 - 1884 ## 59. Seguin, with the term "idiot", resumes its etymological meaning, which means: - separated - abandoned - sad ## 60. In Jewish culture, the concept of the sick and people with disabilities gives rise to: - a linguistic isotopy: division between the sacred and the profane - a biological isotopy: division between healthy bodies and sick bodies - both a linguistic and biological isotopy ## 61. Who spoke of using a "plural gaze" to identify the traces of people with disabilities? - Goussôt - De Sanctis - Pinel ## 62. Madame Guerin can be defined as: - support function - instrumental function - teaching tool ## 63. Itard is considered the forerunner of: - competency-based teaching - zone of proximal development and objective programming - concept-based teaching ## 64. To whom can the following statement be attributed "it is the first therapeutic-assistance and educational experience of an intentional nature that involves instruction with an organized intervention"? - Seguin - De Sanctis - Itard ## 65. What is the main element of humanization and the most effective means of development and social change? - Inclusion - Scientific research - Education ## 66. For which initiative is Pedro Ponce de Leon remembered? - He taught blind children to write - He taught children with cognitive impairment to write - He taught deaf-mute children to pronounce words through writing ## 67. How can a teacher manage the psychological deficiencies of a student according to Montesano? - with vicariance - with sensory stimulation - by understanding which actions the child can perform and the correct means to support him ## 68. In which area does De Sanctis' innovative contribution place? - in a purely pedagogical and didactic area - in a philosophical area - in a scientific area with the study of nosography and the pathogenesis of childhood psychoses ## 69. Who was the forerunner of differential classes? - Montesano - Montessori - de Sanctis ## 70. Who is the author of "The Education of the Deficient"? - Montessori - Montesano - de Sanctis ## 71. Seguin defines his method as - physiological - physio-pathological - homeostatic ## 72. Who most strongly emphasizes the need to include adults and people with BES in Special Education? - Gelati - Cottini - Canevaro ## 73. In what year was the first Chair of Special Education founded and who was its holder? - Canevaro in 1964 - Zavalloni in 1966 - Zavalloni in 1964 ## 74. What figure anticipates the function of support in Special Education? - Itard - Madame Guerin - Seguin ## 75. How many objectives did Itard initially set for the educational intervention? - 3 - 4 - 5 ## 76. With the thought of which figure is the official birth of Special Education associated by most authors? - Itard - Seguin - de Sanctis ## 77. Who defined Special Education as a "theoretical-practical discipline dedicated to the elaboration and construction of a theory of individual and social education aimed at reducing/eliminating disability, and which assumes the responsibility of researching, forecasting and promoting ever more human and humanizing forms of relationship and emancipation anthropological, cultural and social"? - Mura - Canevaro - Cottini ## 78. The principle of "Education for All" was enunciated: - In the Declaration of the rights of persons with disabilities - In the Salamanca Declaration - In the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities ## 79. Which law abolished differential classes? - 118/1971 - 517/1977 - 104/1992 ## 80. To what international classification does the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities refer? - ICF - ICIDH - PPH ## 81. Which objective does the Physiological Method of Seguin propose? - to bring out and mobilize residual potential - to cancel out the deficit - to develop exclusively activities of sensory perception ## 82. "Disability is a limitation or loss of the ability to carry out an activity in the way or within the limits considered normal" is the definition postulated by: - ICF ## 83. Disability Studies interpret disability as: - the result of a social construct - the expression of a hindering environment - the individual's inability to act on their own living environment ## 84. Who coined the concept of "special normality"? - Montuschi - Canevaro - Lanes ## 85. At the end of the 18th century, how did Pinel define subjects with intellectual and relational disabilities - deficient - idiots - frenastenics ## 86. Which methodology is close to Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development? - gradual and personalized goal programming (Itard) - biographic card (de Sanctis) - individual clinical interview (Montesano) ## 87. According to Montuschi, Special Education: - aims at reducing the handicap - must eliminate disability - must be able to identify problems that escape common attention ## 88. What is Capability Approach? - A theoretical approach to distributive justice whereby goods, personal characteristics and the environment influence standards of living and individual well-being - A theoretical approach according to which competence is comparable to the concept of capacity - An approach to classify disability on the basis of residual capacities ## 89. De L'Épée and Heinicke’s methods for treating the deaf were: - both mime-gestural - oral and mime-gestural respectively - mime-gestural and oral respectively ## 90. Itard's action in the treatment of Victor can be defined as: - more pedagogical than medical - exclusively medical - more medical than pedagogical ## 91. Which of the following authors proposes the "release of the mad" from chains? - Esquirol - Pinel - Itard ## 92. Which of the following authors proposes the creation of specialized institutes in the judicial divisions of France in 1818? - Pinel - Seguin - Esquirol ## 93. “Idiocy is not a disease; it is a state in which the faculties of the intellect have never manifested themselves or have not been able to develop sufficiently..." Which of these authors gave this definition of Idiocy? - Seguin - Itard - Esquirol ## 94. Which of these authors was a founding member and president of the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for the Insane (in 1876)? - Seguin - Pinel - Itard ## 95. What is the task of education for Seguin? - Sharpen the senses - Learn as many concepts as possible - Restore functions where they are lacking ## 96. Who is the idiot for Seguin? - An individual totally incapable of thinking - An individual who knows nothing, can do nothing and wants nothing - An individual who is unable to communicate verbally ## 97. What is the main teaching tool for learning according to Seguin? - The game - Constant exercise - Imitation ## 98. What step does the “recognition” stage consist of in Seguin's method? - Eliciting the object of interest even when it is absent - Identifying the correct answer from the different possible answers - Repeatedly varying the stimulus, which is then assimilated and fixed by comparison with previous acquisitions ## 99. What step does the "elicitation" stage consist of in Seguin's method? - Identifying the correct answer from the different possible answers - Repeatedly varying the stimulus, which is then assimilated and fixed by comparison with previous acquisitions - Eliciting the object of interest even when it is absent ## 100. How many stages are there in the physiological method proposed by Seguin? - 4 - 5 - 3 ## 101. What step does the "fixation" stage consist of in Seguin's method? - Identifying the correct answer from the different possible answers - Repeatedly varying the stimulus, which is then assimilated and fixed by comparison with previous acquisitions - Eliciting the object of interest even when it is absent ## 102. Seguin defines idiocy as: - an ailment due to neglect - a nervous system infirmity - an incurable lack of intelligence ## 103. In 1913, G. F. Montesano establishes: - The Children's House - The journal "Assistance to Minors with Anomalies: Bulletin of the Teacher Training School for Orthophrenics" - The Teacher Training School for Orthophrenics ## 104. Seguin was a: - Psychiatrist - Educator - Psychologist ## 105. In 1898, Maria Montessori participates in the first National Pedagogical Conference which is held in: - Naples ## 106. Who was the founder of the National League for the Protection of Deficient Children? - Bonfigli, Montesano, and Montessori - Montesano, Montessori, and Sciamanna - de Sanctis, Montesano, and Montessori ## 107. Among the first signs of the educability and trainability of people with disabilities we have: - The Rem stele - The Talmud - The Code of Hammurabi ## 108. The first school for the blind in Italy was founded: - in Naples in 1818 - in Rome in 1810 - in Milan in 1815 ## 109. Sèguin does not clearly explain the concept of: - idea - will - concept ## 110. According to Itard, Victor is considered a: - idiot - apparent idiot - disabled relational ## 111. Itard writes his two main works: - in 1801 and 1805 - in 1805 and 1807 - in 1801 and 1807 ## 112. The one who anticipates the concept of individualization is: - Itard - De Sanctis - Montesano ## 113. One characteristic of the specialist teacher for De Sanctis is: - calmness - bearing - rigidity ## 114. Montesano: - creates the clinical method - creates the physiological method - founds the Teacher Training School for Orthophrenics in 1900 with Montessori ## 115. In which law is the concept of Specific Learning Disabilities introduced? - 118/1971 - 170/2010 - 104/1992 ## 116. In what year was the Declaration of Rights of Persons with Mental Retardation promulgated? - 1971 - 1972 - 1981 ## 117. The 'Biographic Card' proposed by Sante De Sanctis can be considered: - the anticipation of the current functional diagnosis - the equivalent of the current Individualized Educational Plan - the forerunner of the current Personalized Educational Plan ## 118. Who provided the first profile of a specialized teacher? - Sante de Sanctis - Maria Montessori - Giuseppe Ferruccio Montesano ## 119. When and where was the first institute for the education of deaf-mutes founded? - in 1771 in Paris - in 1771 in Rome - in 1784 in Paris ## 120. Inclusion requires: - a process of "inter-action" between multiple subjects - a process of medicalization and education - a process of interaction between specialists ## 121. In the context of Disability Studies, disability is: - an individual condition - the outcome of a social construct - the outcome of an illness ## 122. According to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN 2006), disability is: - an incurable pathology - a physical and mental impairment - an ordinary possibility of the human condition ## 123. The Luxembourg Card of 1996 proposes: - that schools encourage international and intra-community mobility in favor of inclusive projects - an international strategy for new differential classes - that the education of children with disabilities begins after the age of 18 ## 124. Which of these objectives CANNOT be considered the property of the culture of inclusion? - creating a hyperspecialistic culture within Special Education - having common elements in the basic training of the professionals involved - creating full accessibility, Universal Design ## 125. Who had the first Chair of Special Education in Italy (in 1964)? - Canevaro - Montuschi - Zavalloni ## 126. The Capability Approach arises from a theoretical orientation: - philosophical - political-economic - medical and psychological ## 127. What year are the Guidelines for the School Integration of Students with Disabilities (MIUR) from? - 2000 - 2005 - 2009 ## 128. Which method among the three inspires Montessori? - Itard - Pinel - Seguin ## 129. In what year was the Freniatria Society founded? - 1800 - 1874 - 1884 ## 130. Seguin, with the term "idiot", resumes its etymological meaning, which means: - separated - abandoned - sad ## 131. In Jewish culture, the concept of the sick and people with disabilities gives rise to: - a linguistic isotopy: division between the sacred and the profane - a biological isotopy: division between healthy bodies and sick bodies - both a linguistic and biological isotopy ## 132. Who spoke of using a "plural gaze" to identify the traces of people with disabilities? - Goussôt - De Sanctis - Pinel ## 133. Madame Guerin can be defined as: - support function - instrumental function - teaching tool ## 134. Itard is considered the forerunner of: - competency-based teaching - zone of proximal development and objective programming - concept-based teaching ## 135. To whom can the following statement be attributed "it is the first therapeutic-assistance and educational experience of an intentional nature that involves instruction with an organized intervention"? - Seguin - De Sanctis - Itard ## 136. What is the main element of humanization and the most effective means of development and social change? - Inclusion - Scientific research - Education ## 137. For which initiative is Pedro Ponce de Leon remembered? - He taught blind children to write - He taught children with cognitive impairment to write - He taught deaf-mute children to pronounce words through writing ## 138. How can a teacher manage the psychological deficiencies of a student according to Montesano? - with vicariance - with sensory stimulation - by understanding which actions the child can perform and the correct means to support him ## 139. In which area does De Sanctis' innovative contribution place? - in a purely pedagogical and didactic area - in a philosophical area - in a scientific area with the study of nosography and the pathogenesis of childhood psychoses ## 140. Who was the forerunner of differential classes? - Montesano - Montessori - de Sanctis ## 141. Who is the author of "The Education of the Deficient"? - Montessori - Montesano - de Sanctis ## 142. Seguin defines his method as - physiological - physio-pathological - homeostatic ## 143. Who most strongly emphasizes the need to include adults and people with BES in Special Education? - Gelati - Cottini - <start_of_image> - Canevaro ## 144. In what year was the first Chair of Special Education founded and who was its holder? - Canevaro in 1964 - Zavalloni in 1966 - Zavalloni in 1964 ## 145. What figure anticipates the function of support in Special Education? - Itard - Madame Guerin - Seguin ## 146. How many objectives did Itard initially set for the educational intervention? - 3 - 4 - 5 ## 147. With the thought of which figure is the official birth of Special Education associated by most authors? - Itard - Seguin - de Sanctis ## 148. Who defined Special Education as a "theoretical-practical discipline dedicated to the elaboration and construction of a theory of individual and social education aimed at reducing/eliminating disability, and which assumes the responsibility of researching, forecasting and promoting ever more human and humanizing forms of relationship and emancipation anthropological, cultural and social"? - Mura - Canevaro - Cottini ## 149. The principle of "Education for All" was enunciated: - In the Declaration of the rights of persons with disabilities - In the Salamanca Declaration - In the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities ## 150. Which law abolished differential classes? - 118/1971 - 517/1977 - 104/1992 ## 151. To what international classification does the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities refer? - ICF - ICIDH - PPH ## 152. Which objective does the Physiological Method of Seguin propose? - to bring out and mobilize residual potential - to cancel out the deficit - to develop exclusively activities of sensory perception ## 153. "Disability is a limitation or loss of the ability to carry out an activity in the way or within the limits considered normal" is the definition postulated by: - ICF ## 154. Disability Studies interpret disability as: - the result of a social construct - the expression of a hindering environment - the individual's inability to act on their own living environment ## 155. Who coined the concept of "special normality"? - Montuschi - Canevaro - Lanes ## 156. At the end of the 18th century, how did Pinel define subjects with intellectual and relational disabilities - deficient - idiots - frenastenics ## 157. Which methodology is close to Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development? - gradual and personalized goal programming (Itard) - biographic card (de Sanctis) - individual clinical interview (Montesano) ## 158. According to Montuschi, Special Education: - aims at reducing the handicap - must eliminate disability - must be able to identify problems that escape common attention ## 159. What is Capability Approach? - A theoretical approach to distributive justice whereby goods, personal characteristics and the environment influence standards of living and individual well-being - A theoretical approach according to which competence is comparable to the concept of capacity - An approach to classify disability on the basis of residual capacities ## 160. De L'Épée and Heinicke’s methods for treating the deaf were: - both mime-gestural - oral and mime-gestural respectively - mime-gestural and oral respectively ## 161. Itard's action in the treatment of Victor can be defined as: - more pedagogical than medical - exclusively medical - more medical than pedagogical ## 162. Which of the following authors proposes the "release of the mad" from chains? - Esquirol - Pinel - Itard ## 163. Which of the following authors proposes the creation of specialized institutes in the judicial divisions of France in 1818? - Pinel - Seguin - Esquirol ## 164. “Idiocy is not a disease; it is a state in which the faculties of the intellect have never manifested themselves or have not been able to develop sufficiently..." Which of these authors gave this definition of Idiocy? - Seguin - Itard - Esquirol ## 165. Which of these authors was a founding member and president of the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for the Insane (in 1876)? - Seguin - Pinel - Itard ## 166. What is the task of education for Seguin? - Sharpen the senses - Learn as many concepts as possible - Restore functions where they are lacking ## 167. Who is the idiot for Seguin? - An individual totally incapable of thinking - An individual who knows nothing, can do nothing and wants nothing - An individual who is unable to communicate verbally ## 168. What is the main teaching tool for learning according to Seguin? - The game - Constant exercise - Imitation ## 1