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## The Battle of Buxar and its Aftermath * The combined forces of the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Awadh were defeated by the British at the Battle of Buxar on 22 October 1764. * The English East India Company was given the _Diwani_ of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ### Major consequences of the Battl...

## The Battle of Buxar and its Aftermath * The combined forces of the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Awadh were defeated by the British at the Battle of Buxar on 22 October 1764. * The English East India Company was given the _Diwani_ of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ### Major consequences of the Battle of Buxar * In 1765, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed between Shuja-ud-Daulah, Shah Alam II and Clive. * The British were able to collect revenue from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. * The Mughal Emperor received an annual tribute of 26 lakh rupees and two districts in Uttar Pradesh * The Nawab of Awadh paid an indemnity of 50 lakh rupees and was promised help in case of attack. * Robert Clive introduced _dual government_ in Bengal, which lasted until 1772. * The Nawab was responsible for administration, but had no power or resources to run it. * The Company had all the powers but no responsibilities. * They controlled the collection of revenue through Indian representatives. * The Nawab was given a meagre share of the revenue. * The people of Bengal suffered under this system. ### The Famine of 1770 * The famine in 1770 wiped out a third of the population. * Neither the East India Company nor the Governor General was able to provide help. ### Wonderful to know * The East India Company officials became wealthy. * The officials were known as 'nabobs' upon return to Britain. * They were seen as social climbers in English society. ### The Growth of British Influence * The British adopted expansionist strategies to bring the whole of India under their domination. * The kingdoms of Mysore and the Maratha were the biggest threat to British rule. * The British launched wars against both. ### The Rise of Mysore * Mysore became a powerful state under the leadership of Haidar Ali (1761-1782) and his son, Tipu Sultan (1782-1799) * Mysore controlled the profitable spice trade of the Malabar coast. * In 1785, Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom from his kingdom which resulted in merchants no longer trading with them. * The French assisted Tipu Sultan. * The British perceived Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan as threats. * This led to four Anglo-Mysore wars between 1767 and 1799. * The first Anglo-Mysore war resulted in a crushing defeat for the British, the loss of Madras and an attack on the British by a third party - the Marathas. * In 1770, the Marathas joined the British, but they were defeated by Haider Ali in the Battle of Pollilur. * Haider Ali continued fighting the English and his son continued the Anglo-Mysore wars. * The Third Anglo-Mysore war involved Tipu Sultan's attempts on the Malabar coast, as well as his attempts to ally with the French. * In the end, the British won and Tipu Sultan was forced to pay an indemnity. * The final battles resulted in two of Tipu Sultan's soldiers being killed. * The British emerged as the real dominant force in India. *Image shows a portrait of Warren Hastings*