The Poor and Homeless From Disadvantaged Groups PDF

THE POOR AND HOMELESS FROM DISADVANTAGED GROUPS Res. Assist. Kemal Elyeli  1. DEFINITION OF POVERTY The first definition of the term poverty was made by Seebohm Roventree in 1901. According to this definition; poverty is the total income, food, clothing, etc. necessary for the continua...

THE POOR AND HOMELESS FROM DISADVANTAGED GROUPS Res. Assist. Kemal Elyeli  1. DEFINITION OF POVERTY The first definition of the term poverty was made by Seebohm Roventree in 1901. According to this definition; poverty is the total income, food, clothing, etc. necessary for the continuation of biological existence. It was realized that it was not enough to meet the minimum physical needs.  DEFINITION OF POVERTY According to the definition of poverty made by the World Bank in 1990; is the lowest standard of living.  DEFINITION OF POVERTY Poverty is a concept that is difficult to define due to its multifaceted and complex structure. 2.Types of Poverty  2. Types of Poverty 2.1 Absolute Poverty absolute poverty; It is the situation where the household or individual can meet only the most basic needs necessary to maintain the minimum standard of living.  2. Types of Poverty 2.2 Relative Poverty According to Adam Smith's poor. definition; Those who can meet their basic needs absolutely but are below the general welfare level of the society due to the inadequacy of personal resources and whose social participation in society are prevented are the relatively  2. Types of Poverty 2.3 Human Poverty human poverty; It can be defined as the lack of basic human skills such as literacy, malnutrition, short life expectancy, inadequate maternal and child health, and catching preventable diseases.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY The fact that poverty is a multidimensional concept causes the factors affecting poverty to increase.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Poverty is not just a lack of income, it is a complex social problem that also includes people's health, education level and social integration. For this reason, while explaining the causes of poverty, it is necessary to deal with other dimensions that affect poverty instead of dealing with only income insufficiency.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY In the researches on the causes of poverty in different parts of the society, it has been concluded that the causes of poverty may differ from country to country and within the country depending on age, religious belief, race, worldview, education, income level, settlement and level of development.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Population Pressure While the population growth rate is low in developed countries, the population growth rate is high in underdeveloped countries. Population pressure causes an increase in the workforce. Unemployment of the increasing workforce or having to work in very low- income jobs leads to poverty.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Income distribution Income distribution and poverty are closely related concepts. Increasing inequalities in income distribution causes a decrease in income among the poor, worsening living conditions and deepening of poverty.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Household Size and Type One of the main factors that determine the changes in the poverty level and profile is the changes in the family structure over time. Especially in recent years, great changes have occurred in family structures.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY The increase in the number of children in family reunification with the increasing population in underdeveloped countries; proliferation of nuclear family orientation; Due to the increase in the number of students going to university, there is an increase in the number of student households living independently of their families. In developed countries, the elderly population forming separate households; individuals prefer to live alone; increase in the number of divorces; the spread of the childless nuclear family; There is a proliferation of single- parent families.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY education Education is one of the important variables in explaining poverty. Poverty increases in direct proportion to the low level of education: The higher the education level, the lower the risk of poverty. While individuals with a high level of education can find high-paid jobs in the labor market, individuals who are not well-educated are either unemployed or have to work in low-paid jobs.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Health All people should benefit from health services that will enable them to lead a healthy life throughout their lives and should be able to improve environmental conditions that may threaten their health. However, the poor do not have sufficient income to cover the costs of treatment when they get sick, a qualified health service, an environment that can have a positive effect on their health, suitable shelter and adequate nutrition conditions.  Therefore, it is not possible to consider the relationship between poverty and health separately. While an unhealthy life can cause poverty, an unhealthy life emerges as a result of poverty.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Migration Political instability and internal conflicts hinder economic growth; inequality in income distribution between large and small landowners; Inadequate and poor quality provision of public goods and services to rural areas and giving priority to cities in the provision of services such as infrastructure investments and social security cause the emergence and increase of poverty in rural areas.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Discrimination Racial discrimination plays an important role in the formation of poverty. In the USA, due to the existence of discrimination based on racial discrimination, minority group members cannot access the opportunities such as education, housing, health, high wages that white people have, and therefore they are exposed to poverty.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Political Reasons Political policies can cause great poverty. In particular, the wrong policies followed, low support for agriculture, distortion of industry, pollution undermine poverty.  3. CAUSES OF POVERTY Other factors other than these; Negative fluctuations in the economy, economic crises, changes in international financial capital, high interest rates, The privatization of markets by the state, the search for cheap labor by monopolized institutions, 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH  4. RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH About 1.2 billion people around the world live in extreme poverty (at least a dollar a day). Poverty is not being healthy. Because the poor are living in bad conditions without decent housing, clean water or adequate sanitation. 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH It can be said that there is a relationship between socioeconomic status and health that constantly affects each other, that diseases keep some individuals, and this causes them to move down socioeconomically.  RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH In addition, the low socioeconomic environments in which poor people live can cause problems such as high crime rates, geographical mobility, marital incompatibility, divorce, and physical and mental health problems. Poor people have a higher risk of accidents, injuries and work-related accidents. 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH Gender, Health and Poverty Although poverty is a fundamental problem for all humanity, it is a phenomenon experienced more severely by women. The fact that 70% of the 1.2 billion people in the world living at the absolute poverty line are women, supports this situation. Gender, Health and Poverty Poverty affects women psychologically, socially and physically. Poor women experience inability to receive health care services, and other family members, especially their children, are also affected by this negativity. Gender, Health and Poverty Women in Bangladesh earn 42% of what men earn, 60% in Syria and 61% in Chile. However, in Japan, 37% of female workers have to work in low-wage jobs, while only 6% of male workers are employed in such jobs. 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH POVERTY AND HEALTH Children, Health and Poverty Poverty is the main cause of high child morbidity and mortality. The world child population is 2 billion 850 million. The number of children living below the poverty line is 600 million. One in five children is poor. Children, Health and Poverty 200 million children under the age of 5 in developing countries struggle below the absolute poverty level. Children, Health and Poverty Reducing child mortality depends not only on health services, but also on raising the education level of the society. E.g; Children whose parents are literate are less likely to die. Mothers younger than twenty years of age are more likely to have their babies die. 5. Poverty in the World  5. Poverty in the World Poverty, as a global problem, has reached universal dimensions regardless of the developed- underdeveloped distinction. Poverty has ceased to be a problem only for the underdeveloped regions of the world, but has become an important problem for developing countries and even developed countries.  5. Poverty in the World While the income of the 20 richest countries in 1960 was 18 times higher than the income of the poorest 20 countries, this ratio doubled to 37 in 1995.  In 2000 alone, 36 million people lost their lives due to poverty. 100 thousand people a day die of hunger and its side effects, Out of 6.2 billion people, 826 million suffer from chronic malnutrition and chronic hunger.  There is a 25-year difference in average human life expectancy between the continents of Europe and Africa.  HOMELESS According to another definition, homelessness is defined as the absence of a house and a permanent place of residence, while the homeless are those who have no place to shelter at night, those who are anywhere (under bridges, doorways, etc.), those who live in permanent or temporary shelters, marginal houses or cold-destroyed places.  Causes of Homelessness Studies on homeless families have focused on three main problems in the homelessness of individuals. These; no job lack of money loss of home In addition to these, physical and mental health problems, divorce, domestic violence, abuse, alcohol and substance abuse are among the other causes.  Poverty and Nursing Nurses have a critical role in the provision of services for the care of poor people. First of all, the nurse should be aware of her personal views, values ​and knowledge of poor service recipients. Poor individuals should be evaluated in the context of their environment.  Poverty and Nursing The nurse should not forget the following points; Poor people have the right to care like everyone else. There should be no prejudice about the individual receiving the service. It should be noted that poor people and families need much more support than others. From this point of view, nurses' practices towards poor individuals, families and society should be carried out within the scope specified below. 1. To determine the health status and needs of poor people, 2. Establishing long-term therapeutic relationships, 3. To ensure that the poor have access to health services, 4. To facilitate the delivery of the service for the benefit of the family, 5. Support the family's coping skills, survival efforts and resources. 6. Being an advocate for the individual and family 7. Guiding the family in the use of appropriate community resources (eg shelters, childcare centers, health centers for the poor) 8. Communicating and collaborating with different disciplines and professionals 9. Trying to ensure that older people have access to shelters and nutrition security 10. Political analysis and participation in political action 11. Establishing communication and cooperation with regional managers Thank You