Core Anatomy PDF

CORE ANATOMY Anatomy is a field of science concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Physiology is the study of how the human body works. It deals with the func...

CORE ANATOMY Anatomy is a field of science concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Physiology is the study of how the human body works. It deals with the functions of every part of our body Kinesiology is the study of human movement. Core anatomy identifies the group of trunk and hip muscles that surround the spine, abdominal viscera, and hip. (biological processes) Physiology provides foundational knowledge of how the body functions while kinesiology (mechanics of movement) applies that knowledge to understand and analyze movement.  CORE MUSCLES Derives from the Greek word kormos, which loosely translates to “trunk of a tree.” The core muscles are the deep muscle layers that lie close to the spine and provide structural support such as maintaining balance, postural stabilization, and mobility. for the entire body. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY They provide internal pressure to allow intense pushing (such as that during childbirth) or to expel substances (such as vomit, feces, or carbon-laden air). External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Rectus Abdominis Where it is: The front of your abdominal section (a.k.a. your six-pack) What it does: Assists you in bending forward or curling up Transversus Abdominis Where it is: Underneath your rectus abdominis What it does: Deeply supports the abdomen and draws your belly button into your spine (like an internal corset) Internal and External Obliques Where they are: On either side of your torso What they do: Help you twist and bend to the right and left  BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Multifidi Where they are: Deep in the back of your core, along your spine What they do: Stabilize your spine as you move Erector Spinae Where they are: along the sides of your spine, starting from the back of your sacrum (that triangular-shaped bone between your hips that ends at your tailbone) What they do: Allow you to stand straight from a bent-over position and bend backward In addition to these major muscles, your diaphragm, pelvic floor, lats (big back muscles), traps (the back of your neck and shoulders), and gluteus maximus (largest butt muscles) also helps comprise your core. A weak core means weak movement patterns. A strong core yields quality movement patterns that helps prevent injuries. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY However, they basically work to support the five major muscles. While each muscle plays a unique role in keeping your torso upright, they all share one overarching goal: To spare the spine any excessive load and transfer movement throughout your body in all directions. Basically, having a strong, balanced core is essential for pretty much any type of exercise you do  Anatomical Positions and Directional Terms BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY ANATOMICAL POSITION A standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references. In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward.  PRONE SUPINE Images captured in AR using Human Anatomy Atlas. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY BODY PLANES SECTION - two-dimensional of a three dimensional structure that has been cut. PLANE - imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY  BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Sagittal plane – divides the body vertically into right and left sections. The vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body. a. Midsagittal plane or median plane – if the vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body. b. Parasagittal plane or longitudinal plane - if it divides the body into unequal right and left sides. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F630855860282000659%2F&psig=AOvVaw3_LjOo C4nLKQAhSvVuCbVz&ust=1694785125880000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCOCJ16WdqoEDFQA AAAAdAAAAABAE BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY  Frontal plane – divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portion. Often referred to as a coronal plane. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Transverse plane - divides the body into the upper and lower sections BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY  DIRECTIONAL TERMS Medial vs Lateral Superior vs Inferior (Cranial vs Caudal) Anterior vs Posterior (Ventral vs Dorsal) Proximal vs Distal Superficial vs Deep Unilateral vs Bilateral Ipsilateral vs Contralateral BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Medial - Sagittal plane as the point of reference, move towards the midline/middle of the body Lateral – Sagittal plane as the point of reference, move towards the side away from the midline. Superior – transverse plane as the point of reference, moving towards the head. Another name for superior is cranial. Inferior - transverse plane as the point of reference, moving away from the head. Another name for inferior is caudal. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY  Anterior – frontal plane as the point of reference, moving towards the front. Posterior - frontal plane as the point of reference, moving towards the back. Proximal – Trunk as the point of attachment, moving towards the trunk’s attachment, Distal - Trunk as the point of attachment, moving away from the trunk’s attachment, Superficial – Closer to the surface Deep – Away from the surface BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Unilateral - involves one side of the body. (1 side, 1 part) Bilateral - involves both sides of the body. (2 sides, same parts) Ipsilateral - same side of the body. (same side, different parts) Contralateral - opposite sides of the body. (opposite sides, opposite parts) BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY  BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY KINETIC CHAIN BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Comes from the idea that our muscles and joints present a system, similar to an artificial machine, and is used to more effectively and professionally describe the movement processes of the human body. Interconnected and overlapping segments which produces force by push or pull and are a prime component of muscle activation.  BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY Bottom to top, the feet and ankles, the knees, the hip and pelvis, the shoulders, and the head. Upper kinetic chain consists of the fingers, wrists, forearms, elbows, upper arms, shoulders, shoulder blades, and spinal column. The lower kinetic chain includes the toes, feet, ankles, lower legs, knees, upper legs, hips, pelvis, and spine. BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN – the distal aspect or the segment furthest away from the body is fixed to an object that is stationary. Ex: plank, push up, pull ups, deadlift, etc. OPEN KINETIC CHAIN – the distal aspect or the segment furthest away from the body is free and not fixed to an object. Ex: bench press, bicep curls, jumping with rope, etc.  BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY POSTURE The relative position of the body and/or the arrangement of its body parts at any moment. A good posture exists when there is minimal stress acting on multiple joints and minimal muscle activity is needed to keep the position. Dynamic posture - how you hold yourself when you are moving Static posture - how you hold yourself when you are not moving BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY SWAY LUMBAR THORACIC FORWARD GOOD BACK LORDOSIS KYOHOSIS HEAD POSTURE BMGB | CHAPTER 2 - CORE ANATOMY HOW CAN I IMPROVE MY POSTURE IN GENERAL? Be mindful of your posture during everyday activities, like watching television, washing dishes, or walking Stay active. Any kind of exercise may help improve your posture, but certain types of exercises can be especially helpful. They include yoga, tai chi, and other classes that focuses on body awareness. It is also a good idea to do exercises that strengthen your core (muscles around your back, abdomen, and pelvis). Maintain a healthy weight. Extra weight can weaken your abdominal muscles, cause problems for your pelvis and spine, and contribute to low back pain. All of these can hurt your posture. Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes. High heels, for example, can throw off your balance and force you to walk differently. This puts more stress on your muscles and harms your posture. Make sure work surfaces are at a comfortable height for you, whether you're sitting in front of a computer, making dinner, or eating a meal.