Reversible-Irreversible Cell Damage Findings PDF

1-CELL INJURY Reversible- Irreversible Cell Damage findings Prof. Dr. Emrullah Beyazyıldız 05057669683  MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE Main causes of mitochondrial damage: Calcium increase, Free Oxygen Radicals (SOR) increase, Ischemia and Toxins. ...

1-CELL INJURY Reversible- Irreversible Cell Damage findings Prof. Dr. Emrullah Beyazyıldız 05057669683  MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE Main causes of mitochondrial damage: Calcium increase, Free Oxygen Radicals (SOR) increase, Ischemia and Toxins.  Mitocho ndria Cytochr Cyclophilin D ome C The formation of permeability- enhancing pores in mitochondria Oxidative phosphorylation increases. is impaired Caspase Reactive Oxygen Activation Products (SOR) Increase Apoptosis Mitochondrial membrane potential is impaired and oxidative phosphorylation is damaged. Cell damage Decrease in ATP and necrosis (Necrosis) Free Oxygen Radicals (SOR) Induced Cell Damage (Oxidative Stress)  Free Oxygen Radicals (SOR) O 2- O O2 H OH Radiation Toxin 2 - 022 - Reperfusion N ONOO - O Lipid Protein DNA Peroxidation Modification Damage Cell Membrane Cytoskeletal Mutation Damage damage Cell Death  Free Oxygen Radicals (SOR) O 2- O O2 H OH Radiation Toxin 2 - 022 - Antioxidant Reperfusion N ONOO - O Enzymes Lipid Protein DNA Peroxidation Modification Damage Cell Membrane Cytoskeletal Mutation Damage damage Cell Death Mechanisms of SOR-induced cell damage formation (Oxidative Stress) 1.Membrane Lipid Peroxidation 2.Oxidative Modification of Proteins and Enzymes 3.DNA damage Basic SOR products: Hydroxyl ion (OH-), superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Antioxidant Enzymes: Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase Antioxidant substances: Vitamins A, C, E, glutathione, iron and copper-carrying storage molecules (transferrin, ferritin, lactoferrin and ceruloplasmin)  Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Most commonlyBasic in thedamage heart and brain formation mechanisms Oxidative Stress (SOR) is the most important Increased intracellular calcium levels Inflammation Complement system activation (IgM) REVERSIBLE CELL DAMAGE IRREVERSIBLE CELL DAMAGE Cellular swelling (first sign) Microvillus disruption or disappearance Membrane blebler Loosening of intercellular connections Separation of ribosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane damage (most significant) Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum Rupture of membranes of lysosomes (intracellular myelin figures) and Nuclear changes activation of enzymes Decreased protein synthesis and cellular Severe mitochondrial damage and coarse adiposity densities (oily change) Myelin Figure (Dead cell membrane Mild mitochondrial damage and small phospholipid remnants) amorphous densities Karyopicnosis, Karyoreksiz and Karyolysis