2Q 10-15 QE English Reviewer PDF

ENGLISH REVIEWER Basic Literature – Proper grammar and punctuation. RESEARCH | CHAPTER 1 Intensity of the Problem – Statistical Data that INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF...

ENGLISH REVIEWER Basic Literature – Proper grammar and punctuation. RESEARCH | CHAPTER 1 Intensity of the Problem – Statistical Data that INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF shows the statistics of your chosen problem. THE STUDY General Objectives – Major task/s that the Contents that your research must contain: researchers want to accomplish. Preliminary Literature Review / Preliminary Overall Purpose – State the complete purpose on Content – Identifies and analyzes relevant sources to why you want to conduct this study. your research. Questions that you must answer: - Eg. Books, articles, surveys, interviews, etc. - Can you claim that your introduction is Research Variables – Introduction of the variables. relevant to the topic? - Can you claim that your introduction is eye- - Independent: variable that you manipulate in catching to make the reader want to keep on your research. reading your research? - Dependent: variable being measured or - Did you mention in the last paragraph on tested in your research. why you chose this topic? Contains the description of the roots, laws, and theories supporting the claims of the topic STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Convince why the topic is worth studying Help researchers understand the significance of Brief the readers on the reasons why you chose this your study. study. The base of your research proposal. Research Gaps – Show the gaps in your research. Must answer the following questions: PARTS OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - Did you introduce issues related to your topic? Main – Investigates the significant relationship - Did you mention significant factors or between the variables. variables? - Did you mention the relevance of your General Statement topic? 1. Review the problem. What do you already - Did you develop a clear introduction that know? eventually progresses to your chosen topic? 2. Describe the issue that your research will address. What do we still need to know? 3. Present the relevance of the issue. Why do INTRODUCTION we need to know more about this issue? 4. Set the objectives of the research. What will Must contain Concepts of your Introduction: you do to find out more? Rationale – Reasons Sub-problems | Specific Questions Setting | Geographic Boundaries – Location related - Contains variables that are needed in the problems that can affect your research. study; setting the specific and measurable 1  ENGLISH REVIEWER objectives to be answered all throughout the DELIMINATIONS study. - Choices made by the researchers. STEPS IN WRITING THE STATEMENT OF - Boundaries that are set for the study. THE PROBLEM | MAIN - Research Design and Methodology. Research Design: Framework to 1. Define the specific problem. guide researchers in writing the 2. Explain the significance of the problem. process in conducting your research. 3. State the problem clearly. Methodology: Research methods to 4. Use scientific and objective tone. The be used. problem statement should be written in a - Eg. Sample size, lack of reliable data, etc. neutral or non-biased tone. Answers the Questions: LIMITATION - Is your SOTP Relevant, meaningful, and - Factors that could potentially affect the valuable? validity of your research. - Is it specific, clear, precise, limited, - Possible topics/variables that can be appropriate, complete, and focused? mentioned, but is not controlled by the - Does the respondents profile provide researcher/s. significant information in the research? If - Eg. Time period, language used, chosen not it should not be included. participants, etc. - Is it consistent with the research title? - Is it answerable by collected primary and Note | The researcher/s must state the principal secondary data? variables in the study and identify and describe - Is it solvable by statistical tools and the subjects or respondents and the specific techniques? setting and period. OBJECTIVES - Eg. The researchers were limited by the Department of Education’s protocol that Identifies the specific goals of the study. Objectives prohibits students from experimenting with restates the SOTP (Statement of the Problem). harmful chemicals. - Eg. Will the setting of having virtual classrooms affect the learning of the students compared to studying face to face. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SCOPE | DELIMINATION | LIMITATION Identify the benefits and beneficiaries it will give the community of the chosen issue when the For clarity of focus and to define what the study will problem is solved. and will not cover, certain statements of limitations must be included in the study. Benefits must be specific and arranged to the degree of its significance (most to least benefited). SCOPE - Eg. The Department of Environment and - Major Variables | Coverage of the Study. Natural Resources may benefit from this - Restrictions based on the teachers decision. study through the knowledge of whether or - Eg. The researchers studied the effect of not water hyacinths are toxic to bodies of computer-aided teaching on student water and, therefore, make use of such performance of San Beda JHS. 2  ENGLISH REVIEWER knowledge in improving the quality of water in the country. Answers the Questions: - Have you identified which sectors will benefit from your study? - Have you identified, analyzed, and fully explained how these sectors will benefit from your study? - What will they receive from your study? How will the use this information. CHARACTERISTICS OF A BUSINESS - Is your significance of the study in LETTER: paragraph form? Formal – Written in a formal way. Friendly but DEFINITION OF TERMS professional. An annex to a work (book, research, article, blog, Informative – Straightforward on the information you etc) either at the beginning or near the end with a list want to deliver/discuss. of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. Clear and Concise – Doesn’t contain unnecessary Part of the research where the key terms in the information. study are defined. Accurate – Information given is true. - Eg. Serendipity PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER Noun The occurrence and development of events Letterhead | Sender’s Address – On top of the by chance in a happy or beneficial way: document one line above the date. TYPES OF TERMS: Senders name and title are NOT included because they are written in the letters closing. Conceptual: Definition taken from books, dictionaries, or other sources. Operational: Definition based on how a term is used in the study. Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2 Note: Alphabetize and determine the terms that “deserve” to be in the chapter. Date – Write the full date as it’s the most formal BUSINESS LETTERS choice. The process of accomplishing business If the letterhead was completed in a number of days, transactions in written form. write the day it was finished. - Eg. Application, acceptance, information of request, letter of complaint, letter on intent, resignation, and resume cover letter. Fig 1.3 GUIDELINES: Inside Address – Address of the letter’s recipient. Include personal titles (eg. Mr, Mrs. Ms, Dr, etc.) 3  ENGLISH REVIEWER Fig 1.9 Fig 1.4 Signature – Sender’s full name + Personal Title Salutation – Use the full name if gender of the EMAIL ETIQUETTE recipient is not identified Refers to the principles of behavior that one should use when writing or answering email messages. Standards in sense, grammar, and politeness when Fig 1.5 Fig 1.6 sending email messages. Body – Contains the letter Use Personal Pronouns 1. Ensure that you are sending your email to the right person. Once the email is sent, you Use “we” when presenting company policy will not be able to delete it. 2. Subject line must be filled out with the subject of the contents of the email. 3. CC or “carbon copy:. Used when you want to inform the recipient that the same email was sent to other people as well, and your and Fig 1.6 their address is listed in the section. - BCC or Blank Carbon Copy: People who Fig 1.7 received the email but are not listed as recipients. 4. Use a professional address; preferably containing your full name. 5. Acknowledge all received emails 6. Leave a short message to acknowledge the email received. IMPORTANCE OF EMAIL ETIQUTTE Professionalism – Helps the sender write proper and formal language to keep a professional image. Efficiency – Helps the writer be efficient in writing Fig 1.8 essential points and avoiding unnecessary words in Complimentary Close – Term used to insert prior to the letter. the signature in a formal letter. Liability – Gives protection from liability to make an employee aware of an e-mail risk and to avoid the possibility of a lawsuit. 4  ENGLISH REVIEWER Fig 2.1 Fig 2.6 Fig 2.2 Fig 2.7 Fig 2.3 Fig 2.4 Fig 2.8 Fig 2.5 Fig 2.9 5  ENGLISH REVIEWER - Disagree: Mayors should also be prioritized for vaccination, so they could influence their constituents to get vaccinated as well. Look for Evidences ( Support your Claim ) Pick an Argument/Claim – Evidence – Prior Knowledge – Print Sources ( eg.books). Note: Don’t forget citation and references. Fig 2.10 PARTS OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Introduction - Introduce the issue ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY - Give background information - State claim/argument A popular type of text that utilizes arguments, and it - Include the hook, background, and thesis shows the readers that one sides idea is better than statement. the other one using logic and reason. The writers uses sound reasoning and solid Parts of Introduction: evidences by stating facts, logical reasons, Hook – Aims to capture the readers attention. This examples, and quotes by experts. may be done using quotes, narration, surprising ARGUMENT statistics, or questions. Background Knowledge – Helps the readers better Coherent set of reasons, statements, or facts understand the issue being presented. intended to support a point of view. Thesis Statement – Writers position in one particular ESSAY issue in one clear sentence. Short piece of writing on a particular subject. Critical Literary Composition shorter, and less systematic, formal than a thesis and deals with a subject from a limited and often personal point of view. WRITING AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Formulate Stand/Claim ( Agree | Disagree ) Once position is decided, create a catchy title Fig 3.1 - Eg. Issue: Malacañang told mayors to follow Body – Presenting your Evidence ( Reason + the priority list for the Coronavirus disease Supporting Details ). 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. - Agree: Mayors should not skip the COVID-19 Each paragraph must contain one reason and its vaccine line since they are not in the priority supporting details. list. 6  ENGLISH REVIEWER Supporting details may include examples, statistics, personal experiences, or quotations. Note: Facts, figures, statistics, personal experiences, or experts opinions can help you defend your point. Parts of a Body: 1st Paragraph – Introduction of claims. 2nd – 4th Paragraph – Introduce your reasons and focus one idea per paragraph all while presenting your evidence. Fig 3.5 | Fig 3.6 Last Paragraph – Rebuttal/Counterargument Fig 3.3 | Fig 3.2 Claims - Arguable statement that defines the goal of your essay. - Central statement of a text where the writer tries to prove their points using evidence. Conclusion - Persuades, argues, convinces, proves, suggest something to a reader who may or - Restate the main thesis. may not agree with you. - Summarize the arguments that support the main thesis and reiterate their importance. Characteristics of a Good Claim: - Call for Action. - Argumentative and Debatable - Specific and Focused - Logical - Interesting and Engaging Types of Claims: Claims of Facts – grounded with factual evidence that is sufficient, reliable, and appropriate. Statements about things about the past, how they are Fig 3.4 in the present, or how will they be in the future. 7  ENGLISH REVIEWER - Eg. Cancer is a common disease but it is not - Word Stress: emphasis on certain syllables contagious. in a word in order to clarify its function. - Nouns are stressed in the 1st syllable. Claims of Value – Focused o relative judgement; - Verbs are stressed in the 2nd syllable. goodness or badness, usually based on standards. Expresses approval or disapproval about something and attempts to show the wrong and right things. - Eg. Studying abroad is better than studying at a local university. Claims of Policy – Specific statements on procedures or laws that need to be modified based on certain issues or conditions. - Eg. Uniforms should be required at all public schools. Fig 4.1 PUBLIC SPEAKING - Sentence Stress: allows speaker to distinguish between content words from Delivering a speech in front of an audience in structure words. Fig 4.2 formal situations. - Content Words key words of a sentence. Speaker expresses his/her ideas with the goal of - Structure Words not very important words. influencing the listeners. Makes use of facial expressions, gestures, and purposive words for effective speech delivery. Fig 4.2 TYPES OF SPEECH: Rising Intonation – How the voice rises at the end of Extemporaneous – allows the speaker to prepare for the sentence a short amount of time after being given the topic. Used when asking questions that can be answered Can use cheat cards, prompts, and notes while with “yes” or “no”. delivering their speech. Falling Intonation – How the voice falls on the final Impromptu – Requires no preparation, planning, or stresses syllable of a phrase or group of words. practice. Used when asking WH- questions (what, when, why, Considered one of the most difficult speeches to where). deliver. Juncture – A pause of slight delay in a continuous PROSODIC FEATURES OF SPEECH | flow of speech. Done to acknowledge: SUPRASAGMENTAL PHONOLOGY - Punctuation Makrs Pitch – Highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice. - Characterize proper transition from one sound to another (I scream/ice cream) Stress – The degree of emphasis given to syllables, - Emphasize an important point words, or phrases in a speech. Fig 4.1 - Dramatic effect while delivering a speech. 8 ENGLISH REVIEWER 9