2025 Cells Review Guide Answer Key PDF

Name ______________ Review sheet for Structure and Function of Cells and Cell Structures Use pages 62-70 and pages 72-81 Vocabulary: Cell Organelle nucleus Vacuole Microscope Cell wall mitochondria...

Name ______________ Review sheet for Structure and Function of Cells and Cell Structures Use pages 62-70 and pages 72-81 Vocabulary: Cell Organelle nucleus Vacuole Microscope Cell wall mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Cell Theory Cell membrane chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosome Ribosome Learning Targets: What evidence is there that cells make up living things? How do cells determine the structure of living things? What are the special structures within a cell? How do the different parts of a cell help it function? How are animal cells different from plant cells? Questions: 1.​ How is cell structure different from cell function? Explain (page 63). The structure is the actual organelle, and the function is what it does. Like the nucleus is the structure and the function is that it is the place that stores the instructions (DNA). 2.​ What is cell Theory? (page 64). All life is made up of cells 3.​ Who discovered the cell? (page 64) Robert Hooke 4.​ What are the three principles of cell theory? (page 66) All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells come from existing cells 5.​ Are you familiar with how to use the microscope? Take a few minutes and look over page 68. Also, what’s the difference between Magnification and Resolution? Magnification is how big it look by choosing a objective and resolution is bringing it into focus.  6.​ What is an organelle? (Page 73). Is a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function 7.​ What are three unique organelles inside of a plant cell compared to an animal cell? Cell wall Chloroplast Large central vacuole 8.​ Do you understand all of the organelles and their functions? 9.​ How do cells work together? (page 79). Cells for tissue, tissue forms organs, and organs for organ systems, and organ systems form an organism 10.​Explain some specialized cells (page 79) Nerve cells carries messages to the brain Heart cells beat and create a pulse Skin cells protect the body 11.​What are the levels of organization ? Atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 12.​What happens as the level of organization increases? The levels become more specialized. Other items: 4.​ How is a living cell like a factory, school, or house? (Cell House Project) Please look over your cell factory to do this question, and explain your factory here. 1.​ What type of cell is this? Plant 2.​ How do you know this? What evidence did you use? It has a boxier look which is a cell wall and it has chloroplasts and a large vacuole 3.​ What organelles does it have? a.​ ER b.​ Ribosomes c.​ Golgi complex or apparatus d.​ Cytoplasm e.​ Large vacuole f.​ Cell wall g.​ Cell membrane h.​ Cj;prplast i.​ Nucleus j.​ Mitochondria 1.​ What type of cell is this? 2.​ How do you know this? What evidence did you use? 3.​ What organelles does it have? a.​ Mitochondria b.​ Nucleus c.​ Golgi complex d.​ Cell membrane e.​ Ribosomes f.​ ER  g.​ Cytoplasm Questions from page 70 Questions from page 81 Amoeba sisters, Structure and function of cells here Amoeba sisters, Cell structures here Quizlet study set for cell structures here Socrative here The code to use to take the practice quiz is: JEFFERYSCIENCE Mitosis 1.​ Why do cells divide? (page 91) Growth, Repair, Replace, Reproduction 2.​ What are the 3 parts of the CELL CYCLE? (Page 94-96, NB) Part/Step Interphase (not Mitosis (nucleus Cytokinesis dividing - dividing - 4 (cytoplasm preparing for stages, PMAT) divides, two new division) daughter cells) 3.​ What happens in each stage of the Cell Cycle/Mitosis?(Page 93-97, NB) Interphase Mitosis: Mitosis: Mitosis: Mitosis: Cytokinesis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Normal cell Nucleus Chromosomes Chromatids TWO new The life, DNA is disappears and line up in the pull APART nuclei form (T cytoplasm copied, cell chromosomes MIDDLE (M for (A for Apart) for Two) divides and growth become visible Middle) the cell I splits. Diagram: Diagram: Diagram: Diagram: Diagram: Diagram: 1.​ What is homeostasis? How does your body maintain homeostasis in COLD weather? (❄Too cold for Comfort) Homeostasis= keeping a constant, balanced internal environment. In cold your body tries to keep a warm temperature inside by shivering. 2.​ What are FOUR things that ALL cells must do to maintain homeostasis? (❄Too cold for Comfort) Make new cells Get/use energy Exchange materials Get rid of waste 3.​ What are TWO differences between Active and Passive Transport? (Page 84-85) Active Transport Uses energy Moves molecules from low to high concentrations (packs them in) Passive Transport Does not use energy Moves molecules from high to low concentrations (spreads out) 4.​ Why is osmosis a special type of diffusion? (Think about WHAT is moving!) (Page 86) Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER (like in your gummy bear)! 5.​ In the Diagrams below, determine where the WATER will flow because of osmosis (into the cell, out of the cell, or stay the same): (gummy bear lab,  page 86) The red circle represents the cell membrane. Diagrams: How does Out of the cell (there Intp the cell (more Stay the same the water is more water on the water on the outside move? outside than inside) like your gummy (towards the bear) smaller water %) 6.​ Endocytosis and Exocytosis are both types of active transport. What is the difference between Endocytosis and Exocytosis? (page 88) Endocytosis brings big things into a cell using energy (think about an amoeba surrounding its food!) (Endo - IN) Exocytosis send large things OUT of the cell (this exo and exit) Chapter 1, Lesson 6: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (pages 102-112, Notebook) 7.​ Where do ALL cells get energy from? ( page 100) Food 8.​ Complete the summary table comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration: (pages 102, 110 Notebook ) Reactants (What is Products (What is Location (where in a needed to start?) made or cell does this produced?) happen?)  Photosynthesi Water, carbon Oxygen, Chloroplast s dioxide. Light energy sugar/glucose. Cellular Oxygen, Water, carbon Mitochondria Respiration sugar/glucose. dioxide. ATP 9.​ What do plants do with the sugar/glucose made in photosynthesis? (page 104) They can break it down for energy using cellular respiration, store it for later, or use is for cell wall building materials. 10.​How is BREATHING related to the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? Breathing exchanges the gasses needed for those processes. We breathe in oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) and breathe out carbon dioxide (made in respiration and needed in photosynthesis). 11.​ How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis connected? (Think about reactants and products...how do they help each other?) (page 112 ) The products that are made in one, are the starting materials for the other. What one needs, the other makes. 12.​Complete the following questions using this equation: (NB, page 112) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy What cell process does this equation represent? Cellular Respiration What is another name for the compound C6H12O6? Sugar or glucose What is the energy called that is produced for a cell in this process? (HINT - 3 letters) ATP Think about your body… How do your cells get these two reactants? (Where do you get sugar/glucose & oxygen?) Glucose/Sugar-from food that we eat and break down Oxygen-by breathing