Biology Chapter on Cell Structure

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Questions and Answers

What happens as the level of organization among biological systems increases?

The systems become less complex.

The systems become more specialized. (correct)

The systems remain the same in function.

The systems decrease in size.

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts (correct)

Nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a reason for cell division?

Reproduction

Growth

Metabolism (correct)

Repair

Which of the following organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What structure distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the cell's preparation for division, where DNA is copied?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plane?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?

To divide the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Keeping a balanced internal environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following involves moving molecules from low to high concentrations?

Active Transport Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis specifically the diffusion of?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly contrasts active and passive transport?

Active transport utilizes energy, while passive transport relies on concentration gradients. Signup and view all the answers

Which activity helps maintain homeostasis in cold weather?

Shivering to generate heat Signup and view all the answers

Where do all cells derive their energy from?

Food Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of endocytosis in a cell?

Taking in nutrients Signup and view all the answers

In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected?

The products of one process are the reactants of the other. Signup and view all the answers

What is exocytosis primarily used for in a cell?

Secreting waste materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about glucose is false?

It is solely stored for use in cell walls. Signup and view all the answers

What gas do we breathe in that is essential for cellular respiration?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is cell theory?

All living things are made up of cells. Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the nucleus relate to its function?

The nucleus stores DNA, which determines cellular functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes animal cells from plant cells?

Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ribosome?

To synthesize proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

To digest waste materials. Signup and view all the answers

How are cells organized within a living organism, from simplest to most complex?

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes organelles?

Organelles are tiny structures that carry out specific functions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the endosymbiosis theory explain regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

They were prokaryotic cells engulfed by larger cells and evolved together. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is a part of modern cell theory?

Energy flows within cells. Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells need to maintain a small size?

To ensure sufficient surface area to support cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

What benefit has cell research provided to the scientific community?

It has improved understanding of cellular evolution and organelle structures. Signup and view all the answers

How does the shape of certain cells, like Caulerpa taxifolia, help them function?

It increases their surface-to-volume ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for producing energy?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What role does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play in eukaryotic cells?

It is a network where proteins and lipids are made. Signup and view all the answers

What significant belief regarding the origin of life was held by the Ancient Greeks?

Life can arise from nonliving matter. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about plant cells is true?

They possess chloroplasts for energy conversion. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of cells using a microscope?

Robert Hooke Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the cornerstones of classical cell theory?

Cells can spontaneously generate. Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the Golgi apparatus is most accurate?

Packaging proteins into vesicles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary

Cell: The basic unit of life
Microscope: An instrument used to view small objects
Cell Theory: A fundamental concept in biology stating all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and cells come from pre-existing cells
Lysosome: An organelle that breaks down waste materials
Organelle: A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function
Nucleus: The control center of the cell that stores genetic material (DNA)
Vacuole: A membrane-bound sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products
Cell wall: A rigid outer layer that surrounds plant cells and provides support
Cell membrane: A thin, flexible layer that surrounds all cells, controlling what enters and exits the cell
Mitochondria: The 'powerhouses' of the cell, responsible for energy production
Chloroplast: An organelle found in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis
Ribosomes: The site of protein synthesis in the cell
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Learning Targets

Cells make up living things
Cells determine living things' structure
Specialized structures within cells
Cell parts help cells function
Animal cells differ from plant cells

Questions

How is cell structure different from cell function? Cell structure refers to the organelle itself, while function refers to what the organelle does. For example, the nucleus' structure is its physical form, while its function is storing the cell's instructions.
What is cell theory? All life is made up of cells.
Who discovered the cell? Robert Hooke
What are the three principles of cell theory? All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Cell Structure (Diagram)

Plant cells possess several components:
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Ribosomes
- Golgi complex
- Large vacuole
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
Specific components of a diagram should be identified.

Mitosis

Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two new cells with exactly the same genetic material.
The cell cycle has stages that ensure cell division's accuracy and efficiency.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment
Four important cellular functions for homeostasis:
- Making new cells
- Exchanging materials
- Getting/using energy
- Getting rid of waste
Differences between Active and Passive Transport: Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient.
Osmosis: A special type of diffusion involving the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis: The process by which cells use sunlight to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water
Cellular Respiration: Uses that sugar to make ATP.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected; the products of one are the reactants of the other.
The equation for cellular respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy.

Additional Information

ATP: The primary energy currency of cells
Reactants and Products: Processes use reactants to produce products.
Location: Specific locations within cells happen for particular process.
Evidence: evidence supporting cell biology principles.
Examples of specialized cells: Nerve cells, heart cells, and skin cells.
- Nerve cells transmit messages.
- Heart cells contract to create a heartbeat.
- Skin cells protect the body.
Cell cycle stages: Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cell division: Growth, repair, and replacement.

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Description

Test your knowledge on biological systems and cell structures with this quiz. Questions cover the differences between plant and animal cells, the reasons for cell division, and the functions of organelles. Perfect for students studying cell biology.