Montfort Secondary School G3 Human Sexual Reproductive System Notes PDF

MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL Lower Secondary Science (G3) Chapter: 16- Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 1: What is the Function of Human Sexual Reproductive System? What is the Function of Huma...

MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL Lower Secondary Science (G3) Chapter: 16- Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 1: What is the Function of Human Sexual Reproductive System? What is the Function of Human Sexual Reproductive System? Critical Vocab: Lesson Objective 1: Explain the importance of reproduction in humans. Heredity Reproduction: A process by which humans produce new Genetic organisms like themselves. Reproduction It ensures Transfer of genetic 1) the …………………………………………. from one generation information to another 2) the ………………. of a species. Sperm Egg (ovum) Fuses Lesson Objective 2: Describe the union of the nuclei of an egg cell and a sperm cell (inputs of a system) forms a Continuity of fertilised egg (zygote) which develops into a new individual species is developed from a sperm cell and egg cell. head (contains nucleus) tail (helps sperm to swim to the nucleus ovum) sperm ovum / egg Egg cell carries genes from the mother. Sperm cell carries genes from the father. During …………………., the nucleus of the sperm cell and nucleus of the egg cell fuses to form a fertilised egg (zygote). The genes are then passed on to the new individual. 1 Lesson Objective 3: Define heredity. Heredity: It is a process whereby characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to the next. Different combinations of genetic material during sexual reproduction will result in similarities and differences between individuals. 2  MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL Lower Secondary Science Chapter: 16-Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 2: How Do The Parts Of Each Reproductive System Work Together? How Do The Parts Of Each Reproductive System Work Together? Critical Vocab: Lesson Objective 1: State at least 5 of the physical changes that occur during puberty in boys and girls. Puberty: A period when an adolescent becomes capable of reproducing and experiences rapid growth and development in their body. male female Hair starts to grow in the Hair starts to grow in the armpits. armpits. The penis and testes …………. Breasts and uterus ……….. in size. and hips …………….. Sperm duct Facial hair starts to grow. Hair starts to grow in the pubic Sex gland Hair starts to grow in the pubic region. Penis region. Urethra Voice-box enlarges and voice Testis deepens. Scrotum Oviduct Production of sperms begins A monthly cycle involving Ovary and ejaculation occurs. ………………. and ……………. Uterus begins. This cycle is known as Cervix the menstrual cycle. Vagina 3 Lesson Objective 2: Describe the functions of the structures in the male and female reproductive systems. male structure function sperm It is a muscular tube that carries sperms from the duct testis to the urethra. sex It secrete a fluid containing nutrients and enzymes. gland The nutrients and enzymes provide the sperms with the energy to move. penis The male reproductive organ which becomes erect when sexually excited. Sperms are ejaculated through the penis during sexual intercourse. urethra It is a tube which leads to the outside of the body through the penis. It transport sperm. testis Contains sperms and sex cells. (testes) scrotum Holds the testis. Labelled Diagrams front view side view male 4  female structure function oviduct It is a muscular tube connecting the ovary to the uterus. The wall of the oviduct contracts to push the egg along the oviduct towards the uterus. (site of fertilisation) ovary It produces eggs and female sex hormones. The ovaries take turns to produce an egg every month. uterus It is a pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls. The inner surface of the uterus is covered with a layer called the uterine lining. cervix A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus vagina A muscular tube. It joins the cervix to the outside of the body. Labelled Diagrams front view side view female Questions / Check-out 1. Which set of reproductive structures can be found in males? A cervix, ovary and testis B scrotum, penis and urethra C oviduct, uterus and vagina D cervix, sperm duct and storage duct 5  MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL Lower Secondary Science Chapter: 16-Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 3: How Can The Function of The Human Reproductive System Be Disrupted? How Can The Function of The Human Reproductive System Be Disrupted? Critical Vocab: Lesson Objective 1: Define fertilisation. A process in which the nucleus of a sperm cell ………… fertilisation nucleus fuses with the nucleus of an egg cell to form a ……………. embryo (fertilised egg). foetus Lesson Objective 2: Describe how the fertilisation of Fertilisation egg will result in the formation of an embryo and foetus. 1. The penis ejaculates semen (containing sperms) into the vagina. 2. Sperms deposited in the vagina travel up the uterus to the egg that is released from the ovary through the https://www.you oviduct. tube.com/watch 3. If an egg is present in the ……………., fertilisation may ?v=_5OvgQW6 take place. FG4 4. The fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form the …………. 5. The embryo moves into the ………. and is implanted on Ejaculation the ………………….. The woman is now pregnant. Ovulation Menstruation oviduct embryo Ovulation egg uterus sperm ovar vagina https://www.youtube Did You Know?.com/watch?v=nLm g4wSHdxQ 1. Pregnancy lasts about nine months in humans. 2.During pregnancy, the embryo develops into a foetus (unborn baby). 6  3. At the end of pregnancy, the muscles of the uterus contract to push out the baby. During birth, the cervix enlarges to allow baby to pass through. Menstruation Lesson Objective 3: Define ovulation. The release of a ………………………….…….. from the ovary once a month. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXrQ Lesson Objective 4: Define menstruation. _FhZmos A process in where the ………………………..………….. are discharged. It only occurs when a woman is not pregnant. Lesson Objective 5: Describe the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle. Stage Description Day 1-5: The first day of the menstrual cycle starts (5 days) with the menstrual flow. Menstrual flow is the ……………… of the unfertilised egg, uterine lining and blood. Day 6-9: The ……………… grows thicker. The lining (4 days) becomes very rich in blood capillaries. Day 10-15: A ………………….. is released into the (6 days) ……………….. Fertile period ……………. will most probably occur one of the days within this period. Sexual intercourse around the ovulation period is likely to result in pregnancy. Day 16-28: The uterine lining remains thick to supply (13 days) the embryo with nutrients and oxygen for growth. 7  An egg is able to survive for about a day after it is released from an ovary. The sperms are able to survive for around 3 – 5 days in female reproductive system. 8 Questions / Check-out 1. Where does fertilisation usually occur? A ovary B oviduct C uterus D vagina 2. A woman starts her menstrual period on February 1st. When is she likely to ovulate and when is she likely to start her next menstrual period? ovulation menstrual period A February 7th February 21st B February 14th March 1st C February 21st March 1st D February 28th March 7th 3. The diagram shows a reproductive system. X Y Z Where do fertilisation, implantation of the embryo and ovulation occur? fertilisation implantation ovulation A X Y Z B X Z Y C Y X Z D Y Z X 9  MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL Lower Secondary Science Chapter: 16-Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 4: How Can The Function of The Human Reproductive System Be Disrupted? How Can The Function of The Human Reproductive System Be Disrupted? Critical Vocab: Lesson Objective 1: List the effects of substance abuse on foetus. Babies born premature Organs not fully developed Abstinence Low birth weight Rhythmic Underdeveloped immune systems à higher risk of Vasectomy infections Tubal ligation Smoking: negative impact on foetus’ heart, lungs & Spermicides brains; likely to have obesity & diabetes Contraceptive Alcohol & drugs: negative impact on intellectual & Diaphragm behavior Intra-uterine Lesson Objective 2: List the temporary and permanent birth control methods. Temporary Permanent 1 Abstinence 1 Vasectomy 2 Rhythm method 2 Tubal ligation 3 Use of chemicals such as spermicide and contraceptive pills 4 Use of mechanical devices such as condoms, diaphragms and intra-uterine devices. 10 Lesson Objective 3: Describe how temporary and permanent birth control methods prevent conception in terms of disrupting fertilisation, ovulation and implantation. Temporary Name Description Rhythm method No sexual intercourse during the ………. period of the woman’s menstrual cycle. Contraceptive pills Contains certain female sex hormones which ………………………… (release of a mature egg) Use of Spermicide chemicals Contains a chemical that kills or blocks sperms from entering the uterus →Gel form/aerosol foams/foaming tablets →Inserted into the vagina before sex →Unreliable when used on its own →Usually used with a condom or diaphragm 11  Temporary Name Description 1 Condoms Thin rubber tube used to cover the erect penis before sexual intercourse. Sperms cannot pass through. Sperms cannot enter the uterus to cause fertilisation to occur. ………………….. to bacteria and viruses. Protects the user from getting sexually transmitted infections. 2 Diaphragm Use of Dome-shaped rubber cap with an elastic Mechanical rim. It is inserted into the ……………. and devices placed over the …………... Impermeable to ……………. Prevents sperms from entering the uterus to cause fertilisation to occur Intra-uterine device (IUD) A piece of plastic or metal that is inserted into the ………….. by a doctor. Disrupts the function of the uterus by preventing the embryo from implanting in the uterine lining. →This method provides effective protection for a long period of time. 12  Permanent Name Description ………………………… part of the sperm Vasectomy ducts Disrupts the function of the sperm duct by preventing ejaculation of sperms during sexual intercourse. → Fertilisation will not occur. ………………………….. both oviducts Tubal Ligation Disrupts the function of oviduct by preventing sperms from meeting the egg →Fertilisation will not occur. Premarital sex is the act of having sexual intercourse before a couple is married. Consequences Unwanted pregnancies 1) …………………………… STI Usually, an unmarried couple is not emotionally ready for a Termination child. They may also not be financially ready to support a child. Furthermore, many people in our society are unable to accept unwed mothers. 2) …………………………………………….. People with sexually transmitted infections may not be aware that they are infected. Some infected people may not show the symptoms while some may not be truthful to their partners about their condition(s). 13  Abortion Numbers in Lesson Objective 4: State the issues and consequences Singapore (article) relating to abortion. Abortion is the ………………………………………………... Consequences https://www.straitsti 1) Parts of the sexual reproductive system may become mes.com/singapore/ health/steady- …………………………… decline-in-abortion- numbers 2) The complications can lead to the disruption of the system’s function and may cause difficulties in getting pregnant again. Reasons for Abortion Medical: - parents are physically/ mentally unable to support a child - mother may be permanently harmed if the pregnancy continues - child may be physically or mentally handicapped - life of mother and foetus are in danger Social: - family is not financially ready to support a child - unwanted pregnancy that was resulted from rape Questions / Check-out 1. Which statement(s) explain(s) why the Intra-Uterine-Device (IUD) is considered a form of abortion? 1 The egg has already been fertilised. 2 It does not prevent the meeting of the sperm and the egg. 3 It must be correctly placed in the uterus to prevent implantation. 4 It involves the removal of a zygote. A 1 and 2 only B 1, 2 and 4 only C 3 only D 3 and 4 only 2. In your opinion, what are two factors that encourage young teenagers to have premarital (before marriage) sexual intercourse? 14  Lower Secondary Science Chapter: 16-Human Sexual Reproductive System Note 5: How Do Medical Advancement Impact Human Reproductive & Survival? How Do Medical Advancement Impact Human Reproductive & Survival? Critical Lesson Objective 1: State the harmful consequences of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like syphilis, Vocab: gonorrhoea and AIDS STI Sexually Transmitted Infections People with sexually transmitted infections may not be aware that they are infected. Some infected people may not show the symptoms while some may not be truthful to their partners about their condition(s). Lesson Objective 2:State that some bacterial STIs can be cured by antibiotics, but not viral STIs Lesson Objective 3: State the signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections Lesson Objective 4: State the harmful consequences of sexually transmitted infections Name of Signs and symptoms Harmful consequences Treatment infection tiredness, weight loss, fevers and severe can result in AIDS (Acquired Caused by diarrhoea only after many months or years Immunodeficiency Syndrome) …………… lung infections Managed by brain infection anti-viral medications death No cure 15 deformity in joints/ abnormal development of à heart failure Caused by teeth à insanity …………….. non-itchy red rash à blindness Treated with painless sore …………….. pain when passing urine Infertility (Disease spreads to Caused by a thick liquid (pus) comes out of penis or reproductive systems) …………….. vagina Blind babies (Bacteria enters Treated with babies’ eyes during birth) ……………. 16  Critical Vocab: Lesson Objective 5: State how STI can be prevented and STI controlled. 1. Avoid having multiple sex partners. 2. Avoid sharing instruments that are likely to break the skin and become contaminated with blood (e.g. razors and toothbrushes). 3. Not abusing drugs or sharing injection needles. 4. Ensuring that needles used during acupuncture, ear piercing or tattooing are sterile or using disposable instruments instead. 5. Using condoms during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of infections. 6. Ensuring that donated blood is screened for HIV and safe for use. Lesson Objective 6: *suggest reasons for the world’s growing human population 1. Medical Advancements New drugs, vaccines and advanced medical treatments or diagnostic technologies helped people to survive and live longer. Other inventions such as pacemakers and defibrillators also helped patients survive. 2. Increased Food Production Technological advancements allow plants to be grown in soil that used to be infertile as well as grow crops that are more resistant to pests. 3. Improved Transportation This allows goods such as food and medicines to be supplied to more regions in a shorter time. 4. Improved Sanitation This reduces the spread of deadly diseases such as cholera and typhoid through human waste containing the bacteria. Questions / Check-out 1) AIDS can be transmitted to another person in other ways besides having sexual intercourse with an infected person. List three other ways that AIDS can be transmitted. 17