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Questions and Answers
Reproduction ensures the transfer of ______ from one generation to another.
Reproduction ensures the transfer of ______ from one generation to another.
genetic information
The continuity of a ______ is ensured through reproduction.
The continuity of a ______ is ensured through reproduction.
species
During fertilization, the nucleus of the sperm cell and nucleus of the ______ cell fuses.
During fertilization, the nucleus of the sperm cell and nucleus of the ______ cell fuses.
egg
Heredity is a process whereby characteristics are passed down ______ from one generation to the next.
Heredity is a process whereby characteristics are passed down ______ from one generation to the next.
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Different combinations of ______ material during sexual reproduction will result in similarities and differences between individuals.
Different combinations of ______ material during sexual reproduction will result in similarities and differences between individuals.
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An egg cell carries genes from the ______.
An egg cell carries genes from the ______.
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Sperm cells carry genes from the ______.
Sperm cells carry genes from the ______.
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During puberty, various physical changes occur in ______ and girls.
During puberty, various physical changes occur in ______ and girls.
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One reason for abortion is that the parents are physically or mentally unable to support a ______.
One reason for abortion is that the parents are physically or mentally unable to support a ______.
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A situation where the life of the mother and ______ are in danger can lead to the decision to abort.
A situation where the life of the mother and ______ are in danger can lead to the decision to abort.
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A financial lack of readiness in a family is one of the ______ reasons for considering abortion.
A financial lack of readiness in a family is one of the ______ reasons for considering abortion.
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Intra-Uterine Devices (IUD) do not prevent the meeting of the sperm and the ______.
Intra-Uterine Devices (IUD) do not prevent the meeting of the sperm and the ______.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can have harmful consequences, including ______ and gonorrhoea.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can have harmful consequences, including ______ and gonorrhoea.
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Fertilisation usually occurs in the ______.
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ______.
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A woman is likely to ovulate around ______ if her period starts on February 1st.
A woman is likely to ovulate around ______ if her period starts on February 1st.
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Implantation of the embryo occurs in the ______.
Implantation of the embryo occurs in the ______.
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Smoking can have a negative impact on a foetus' ______.
Smoking can have a negative impact on a foetus' ______.
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Babies born to mothers who abused substances may be born ______.
Babies born to mothers who abused substances may be born ______.
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A permanent method of birth control is called ______.
A permanent method of birth control is called ______.
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Alcohol can negatively impact the foetus' ______ development.
Alcohol can negatively impact the foetus' ______ development.
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The diaphragm is a type of ______ control method.
The diaphragm is a type of ______ control method.
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The inner surface of the uterus is covered with a layer called the ______.
The inner surface of the uterus is covered with a layer called the ______.
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A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus is called the ______.
A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus is called the ______.
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The ______ is a muscular tube that joins the cervix to the outside of the body.
The ______ is a muscular tube that joins the cervix to the outside of the body.
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Fertilisation occurs when the nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an ______.
Fertilisation occurs when the nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an ______.
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If an egg is present in the ______, fertilisation may take place.
If an egg is present in the ______, fertilisation may take place.
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The fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form the ______.
The fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form the ______.
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The embryo moves into the uterus and is implanted on the ______.
The embryo moves into the uterus and is implanted on the ______.
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The penis ejaculates semen into the ______.
The penis ejaculates semen into the ______.
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Rhythm method: No sexual intercourse during the ______ period of the woman’s menstrual cycle.
Rhythm method: No sexual intercourse during the ______ period of the woman’s menstrual cycle.
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Contraceptive pills contain certain female sex hormones which ______ the release of a mature egg.
Contraceptive pills contain certain female sex hormones which ______ the release of a mature egg.
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Condoms protect the user from getting sexually transmitted infections by being ______ to bacteria and viruses.
Condoms protect the user from getting sexually transmitted infections by being ______ to bacteria and viruses.
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Diaphragm: It is inserted into the ______ and placed over the cervix.
Diaphragm: It is inserted into the ______ and placed over the cervix.
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Diaphragm: It is impermeable to ______, preventing sperms from entering the uterus.
Diaphragm: It is impermeable to ______, preventing sperms from entering the uterus.
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Intra-uterine device (IUD): A piece of plastic or metal that is inserted into the ______ by a doctor.
Intra-uterine device (IUD): A piece of plastic or metal that is inserted into the ______ by a doctor.
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Spermicide contains a chemical that kills or blocks ______ from entering the uterus.
Spermicide contains a chemical that kills or blocks ______ from entering the uterus.
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Contraceptive methods disrupt fertilization, ovulation, and ______ to prevent conception.
Contraceptive methods disrupt fertilization, ovulation, and ______ to prevent conception.
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Some bacterial STIs can be cured by ______, but not viral STIs.
Some bacterial STIs can be cured by ______, but not viral STIs.
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Signs and symptoms of STIs may include ______, weight loss, fevers, and severe diarrhoea.
Signs and symptoms of STIs may include ______, weight loss, fevers, and severe diarrhoea.
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Harmful consequences of STIs can lead to ______ syndrome.
Harmful consequences of STIs can lead to ______ syndrome.
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Severe STIs can result in ______ infections.
Severe STIs can result in ______ infections.
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Pain when passing urine can be a symptom of a sexually transmitted ______.
Pain when passing urine can be a symptom of a sexually transmitted ______.
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One way to prevent STIs is to avoid having multiple sex ______.
One way to prevent STIs is to avoid having multiple sex ______.
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STIs can spread to the reproductive systems and cause ______.
STIs can spread to the reproductive systems and cause ______.
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Avoid sharing instruments that are likely to break the skin and become ______ with blood.
Avoid sharing instruments that are likely to break the skin and become ______ with blood.
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Study Notes
Human Reproductive System
- Reproduction is a process by which organisms produce new organisms like themselves.
- It ensures the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next and the continuity of a species.
- Heredity is the process where characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to the next.
- The union of an egg cell's nucleus and sperm cell's nucleus forms a fertilized egg (zygote), which develops into a new individual.
- Egg cells carry genes from the mother and sperm cells carry genes from the father.
- The genes from both parents are then passed on to the new individual.
Puberty in Boys and Girls
- Puberty is a period where adolescents become capable of reproduction and experience significant physical changes.
- In boys, hair growth in armpits, face, and penis enlargement and voice deepening occur. Testes and penis grow in size.
- In girls, hair growth in armpits and pubic region, breast and uterus development, and hip changes occur. Voice box enlarges.
Parts of the Male Reproductive System and their Functions
- Sperm duct: Carries sperms from the testis to the urethra.
- Sex gland: Secretes fluid containing nutrients and enzymes for sperm energy.
- Penis: Male reproductive organ that becomes erect for sexual intercourse.
- Urethra: Tube that leads to the outside of the body through the penis and transports sperm..
- Testis: Contains sperms and sex cells
- Scrotum: Holds the testes.
Parts of the Female Reproductive System and their Functions
- Oviduct: Muscular tube connecting the ovary to the uterus and carrying the egg.
- Ovary: Produces eggs and female sex hormones.
- Uterus: Pear-shaped organ with thick walls to house the growing embryo or foetus.
- Cervix: Ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus.
- Vagina: Muscular tube connecting the cervix to the body's exterior
Menstrual Cycle
- A monthly cycle involving the release of an egg from the ovary.
- Days 1-5: Menstruation (the shedding of the uterine lining).
- Days 6-9: The uterine lining grows thicker.
- Days 10-15: The fertile period (when ovulation occurs, the release of an egg).
- Days 16-28: The uterine lining remains thick to supply nutrients and oxygen to a potential embryo.
Fertilisation
- The process in which the nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an egg cell to form a fertilized egg (zygote).
- The zygote begins to divide repeatedly to form the embryo then foetus.
Disruption of Reproductive System
- Substance abuse: Substance abuse can cause premature babies, undeveloped organs, low birth weights and higher infection risks in babies.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) : STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, and AIDS have serious consequences which include tiredness, weight loss, fevers and diarrhea, infertility, lung infections, brain infection and eventually death.
- Unwanted pregnancies: Unwanted pregnancies can lead to social and financial problems.
Methods Preventing Pregnancy
- Temporary methods: Abstinence, rhythm method, use of contraceptive pills, spermicides, use of mechanical devices (condoms, diaphragms, intra-uterine devices).
- Permanent methods: Vasectomy, tubal ligation.
Abortion
- Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy.
- It has both medical and social reasons. medical-physically or mentally unable to support a child or have difficulties getting pregnant again, social-family is not financially ready, or unwanted pregnancy resulting in rape.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the human reproductive system and the changes that occur during puberty in both boys and girls. This quiz covers key concepts such as reproduction, heredity, and physical developments in adolescence. Gain a better understanding of how reproduction ensures the continuity of species.
