19Phonology3-alt_removed (2).pdf

Phonology Problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] [ʌxɔ] ‘I’ [ʔu:lʌk] ‘reel’ [mʌxʌrɪnɪg] ‘hear’ [kowntɪʔ] ‘a little’ [tu:xɔd] ‘cane’ [ kʌʔɔn] ‘fetch’ [wi:xʌ] ‘language’ [ma:skɔt] ‘mascot’ [sʌklɪt] ‘hook’ [kwa:gɔh] ‘owl’ [ba:xɪt] ‘why’ [sʊxʌ] ‘vinegar’ [kʌmɪh] ‘we’ Are there any minimal pairs in the data? NO...

Phonology Problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] [ʌxɔ] ‘I’ [ʔu:lʌk] ‘reel’ [mʌxʌrɪnɪg] ‘hear’ [kowntɪʔ] ‘a little’ [tu:xɔd] ‘cane’ [ kʌʔɔn] ‘fetch’ [wi:xʌ] ‘language’ [ma:skɔt] ‘mascot’ [sʌklɪt] ‘hook’ [kwa:gɔh] ‘owl’ [ba:xɪt] ‘why’ [sʊxʌ] ‘vinegar’ [kʌmɪh] ‘we’ Are there any minimal pairs in the data? NO 13 Phonology Problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] [ʌxɔ] ‘I’ [ʔu:lʌk] ‘reel’ [mʌxʌrɪnɪg] ‘hear’ [kowntɪʔ] ‘a little’ [tu:xɔd] ‘cane’ [ kʌʔɔn] ‘fetch’ [ma:skɔt] ‘mascot [kwa:gɔh] ‘owl’ [sʊxʌ] ‘vinegar’ [wi:xʌ] ‘language’ [sʌklɪt] ‘hook’ [ba:xɪt] ‘why’ [kʌmɪh] ‘we’ So, [k] and [x] might be allophones of the same phoneme. We cannot conclude that they are allophones of the same phoneme just because there are no minimal pairs. We have to show that [k] and [x] are in complementary distribution. 14 Phonology problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] [ʌxɔ] ‘I’ [ kʌʔɔn] ‘fetch’ [wi:xʌ] ‘language’ [ʔu:lʌk] ‘reel’ [ma:skɔt] ‘mascot [sʌklɪt] ‘hook’ [mʌxʌrɪnɪg] ‘hear’ [kwa:gɔh] ‘owl’ [ba:xɪt] ‘why’ [kowntɪʔ] ‘a little’ [sʊxʌ] ‘vinegar’ [kʌmɪh] ‘we’ [tʊxʌd] ‘cane’ How do we show that [k] and [x] are in complementary distribution? List the environments where each sound occurs. [k] [x] ʌ_# ʌ_ɔ #_ʌ i:_ʌ s_ɔ ʌ_ʌ ʌ_l a:_ɪ #_w ʊ_ʌ #_o ʊ_ʌ I’ve done the first for each sound for you: Note: # = edge of word [k] [x] ʌ_# ʌ_ɔ 15 Phonology Problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] [k] [x] ʌ_# ʌ_ɔ #_ʌ i:_ʌ s_ɔ ʌ_ʌ ʌ_l a:_ɪ #_w ʊ_ʌ #_o ʊ_ʌ Does [k] ever appear where [x] appears? No Are [k] and [x] in complementary distribution? Yes! So, [k] and [x] are allophones of the same phoneme. 16 Phonology problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] /k/ [k] Phoneme [x] Allophones How did we choose which symbol to use for the phoneme (i.e. the base form)? one of the allophones appears in a very specific environment, while the other appears everywhere else (a.k.a. the elsewhere allophone). the phoneme’s symbol will be the elsewhere allophone’s 17