19Phonology3-alt_removed (1).pdf

Review: Contrastive Distribution If we substitute /l/ for /r/, or vice versa, we create a contrast in meaning. He gave me rice/lice. Hence: /l/ and /r/ are in contrastive distribution in English. 8 REVIEW: CONTRASTIVE DISTRIBUTION: r AND l Do you want some [f_ajz] with that? 9 REVIEW: COMPLEME...

Review: Contrastive Distribution If we substitute /l/ for /r/, or vice versa, we create a contrast in meaning. He gave me rice/lice. Hence: /l/ and /r/ are in contrastive distribution in English. 8 REVIEW: CONTRASTIVE DISTRIBUTION: r AND l Do you want some [f_ajz] with that? 9 REVIEW: COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION — The lack of a minimal pair does not necessarily indicate that two sounds belong to the same phoneme. — We still need to determine whether the two sounds are in complementary distribution. — If two allophones belong to the same phoneme, each allophone in the set will have a predictable environment. — Where you find one sound, you will not find the other. — And we will see that one of the allophones will appear in a more restricted phonetic environment, and the other will appear elsewhere REVIEW: COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION Can we figure out which sound will (always) go with which word in English? [p] and [ph] [ __ ɪt] [s __ ɪt] Phonology Problem: Tagalog [k] and [x] Are [k] and [x] allophones of the same phoneme or allophones of different phonemes? [x] is a voiceless velar fricative : = long vowel [ʌxɔ] ‘I’ [ʔu:lʌk] ‘reel’ [mʌxʌrɪnɪg] ‘hear’ [kowntɪʔ] ‘a little’ [tu:xɔd] ‘cane’ [ kʌʔɔn] ‘fetch’ [ma:skɔt] ‘mascot [kwa:gɔh] ‘owl’ [sʊxʌ] ‘vinegar’ [wi:xʌ] ‘language’ [sʌklɪt] ‘hook’ [ba:xɪt] ‘why’ [kʌmɪh] ‘we’ 12