Sinai University Scientific Thinking Lecture Notes PDF Fall 2024

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net  Science Science,...

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net  Science Science, Thinking & Scientific Thinking [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Science must follow certain rules. The rules if science make the scientific process as objective as is possible. ❑Objective: Not influenced by feeling, interests and prejudices; UNBIASED. ❑Subjective: Influenced by feeling, interests and prejudices; BIASED. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Results can be influenced by the gender, nationality, religion, politics or interests of the scientist. Sampling or measurements bias can result in different solutions to the same problem. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science People need to be able to evaluate scientific information in order to make informed decisions. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science ❑ So, Science is process by which we try to understand how the natural world works, and how it came to be that way. ❑ It is NOT a process for collecting “Facts” about, or describing, the natural world; Although such observations provide the information for scientific understanding. ❑ There is NO certainly in Science, only degrees of probability. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science ❑ Scientific understanding can be changed over time, with new ways of observing, and with different interpretations. ❑ New Tools, Techniques, and advanced in Technology have resulted in new observations, sometimes forcing revision of what had been taken as fact in the past. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science What is Good Science? ❑ “Objectivity” is the key of good science. ❑ To be objective, experiments need to be designed and conducted in a way that doesn't introduce Bias into the study. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Types of Science Humanities and Social Sciences Natural Sciences study The study the social world; such as physical world, such as matter, human behavior, human society energy & their interactions. & social relationships. “Soft Sciences” “Hard Sciences” Give an examples for each branch? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Types of Science Humanities and Social Sciences Natural Sciences Ex. Psychology, History, Economic, Ex. Biology, Mathematics, Geography. Pharmacology [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Types of Science “Basic/Pure Science”: the search “Applied Science”: using of knowledge and facts. knowledge in a practical way. Give an examples for each branch? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  Science Types of Science “Basic/Pure Science” “Applied Science” Mathematics, Chemistry. Pharmacy, Engineering. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  THANK YOU * For any questions feel free * To contact me by mail [email protected] Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University