Lecture 1 Scientific Thinking (UNI 2) PDF

Lecturer 1 Scientific Thinking (UNI 2) Dr Mark Monir Seddik Lecturer of Physical Therapy Mark Monir Seddik 1 ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻛ...

Lecturer 1 Scientific Thinking (UNI 2) Dr Mark Monir Seddik Lecturer of Physical Therapy Mark Monir Seddik 1 ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺗﻴﺮم‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ظ(‬ ‫)ت(‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫)أ ف(‬ ‫)ط(‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫)ن ف(‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرات اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪UNI 2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪Mark Monir Seddik‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬  TOPICS 1. Defining facts and concepts. 2. Basic concepts and theories of scientific thinking methodology. 3. The scientific approach to study the nature of human behavior. 4. Tests and applications of the scientific method in various specializations. 5. Technical writing method. 6. Writing steps. 7. Midterm Exams. Mark Monir Seddik 3  TOPICS 8. Page design. 9. Results of presentation methods editing and editing writing references and margins. 10. Using curves and tables. 11. Final outputs for technical articles. 12. Types of technical reports. 13. Applications: various writing methods, letters, memos, presentations, CV components, structuring technical reports. 14. Final exams. Mark Monir Seddik 4 Important terms Science. Research. Scientific thinking and scientific method. Scientific writing. Science writing. Science-fiction writing. Mark Monir Seddik 5 What is scientific writing? Scientific writing is A technical form of writing that communicates scientific information to other scientists in a document, book or presentation in written form. Document: Assignments, reports, articles, thesis, oral, and poster presentations. Mark Monir Seddik 6 Features of scientific writing Precision (objectiveness - attention to detail - Exact Language). Clarity (uncommon terms - Experiments). Peer reviews. Primary audience. Formal language. Clear organizational structure (IMRAD). Awareness of existing scientific literature. Mark Monir Seddik 7 Comparison between scientific writing and science writing Scientific writing Science writing Audience Professionals General Language Formal Plain and Informal Details Complicated Simple idea Format IMRaD Narrative Story Mark Monir Seddik 8 Science – Fiction Writing It is a type of fantasy that contains imagined elements that don’t exist in the real world. Science fiction often explore time travel, space travel, are set in the future, and deal with the results of technological and scientific advance as cloning. Science is a method of investigating nature that discovers reliable knowledge about nature. The accumulation of scientific knowledge (science) changed and continue to change the world. Mark Monir Seddik 9 What is science? The knowledge obtained by observing natural events to discover facts and formulate laws that can be tested. Science is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about the world around us. Mark Monir Seddik 10  Types of observations Objective Subjective an observation based on fact. an observation based on opinion fact – a piece of information that can opinion – a statement that expresses be strictly defined and proved true. a belief, value, or feeling. Which type of observations should be used in science? Mark Monir Seddik 11  Objective or subjective? ❑ Science looks like fun today! Subjective ❑ Egyptian songs sound good! Subjective ❑ The summer was too short! Subjective ❑ There are sixty seconds in a minute! Objective ❑ The chemical symbol of Water is H2O ! Objective Mark Monir Seddik 12  What is research? a) the systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. b) a process that involves a careful examination or scientific study of a subject in order to gather old facts or find new ones. Mark Monir Seddik 13 Mark Monir Seddik 14