Kinetic Molecular Theory Of Solids And Liquids PDF

Click to edit Master title style KINETIC MOLECULAR MODEL THEORY OF SOLID AND LIQUIDS 1 Click to edit Master title style What first comes to your mind when you hear the word liquid, gas and solid? 2 2...

Click to edit Master title style KINETIC MOLECULAR MODEL THEORY OF SOLID AND LIQUIDS 1 Click to edit Master title style What first comes to your mind when you hear the word liquid, gas and solid? 2 2 Click to edit Master title style Matter can exist in three different states; namely, Solid, Liquid, and Gas. The most common example of which is water. It can exist as solid in the form of ice, liquid in drinking water, and gas as water vapor. There is an orderly arrangement of the particles in solids which are held in rigid position although they can vibrate. 3 3 Click Whattois edit Master Liquid, Solidtitle andstyle Gas? Liquid Solid A substance that flows freely but Firm and stable in shape; not is of constant volume, having a liquid or fluid. Solid is one of the consistency like that of water or four fundamental states of matter. oil. A liquid can flow and does not The molecules in a solid are have a specific shape like a solid. closely packed together and Instead, a liquid conforms to the contain the least amount of shape of the container in which is kinetic energy. A solid is held. characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to a force Liquid 4 4 Click Whattois edit Master liquid, solid,title andstyle gas? Gas A gas is a substance that has no fixed size or shape. When inside a closed container, a gas will expand to fill the container. A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases. 5 5 Click to edit Master title style Total disorders; much empty Disorders; particles or ordered arrangement space; particles have clusters of particles are free to particles are essentially in complete freedom of motion; move relative to each other; fixed positions; particles particles far a part. particles close together close together. 6 6 Click to edit Master title style “ 7 7 Click to Molecular Kinetic edit Master title style Theory (KMT) The thought that particles of matter are always in motion, which this motion has significant effects. 1. A Theory developed within the late 19th century to account for the behavior of the atoms and molecules that structure matter. 2. it supported the thought that particles of matter are always in motion, which has consequences. 3. it is often used to describe the properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particles energy and the forces that act between them. 8 8 Click Threeto edit Masteroftitle Assumption KMT:style 1. All matter ( solid, liquid, gas ) is formed of particles (atoms, ions, molecules). 2. Particles are in continuous motion, which shows the movement of electrons.  Gas particles travel in a completely random motion.  Liquid particles appear to move around fixed points.  Solid particles appear to move around fixed points. 3. Collision are perfectly elastic ( no change within the entire kinetic energy of two particles before and after their collision); no loss of energy! 9 9 Click to edit Master title style Kinetic energy (K.E.) Is the energy of motion. It depends on the mass of the thing and its velocity (speed). Temperature Measure of K.E. (How fast molecules travel) Temperature is directly proportional with K.E. When the temperature decreases, the particles speed also decreases. (i.e.., a decreases in kinetic energy). When the temperature increases, the particles speed rises too. (i.e.., a rise in KE) Kelvin (K) temperature scale used in kinetic study. 10 10 Click to edit Master title style Absolute Zero temperature in which all molecular motion stops (0 k or – 2730C 11 11 Click to theory Kinetic edit Master title style description of the Liquid state According to the kinetic theory of gases, liquid particles motion is often described as a kind of matter that features a definite volume and takes the form of its container. 1. Particles in a liquid are in constant motion, however, the particles in a liquid are closer together than those in a gas. 2. therefore, the attractive forces between particles in a liquid are stronger than those between particles in a gas. 3. this attraction is caused by intermolecular forces 4. According to the kinetic molecular theory of liquids the particles aren’t bound together in fixed position. 12 12 Click to edit Master title style Kinetic theory description of the solid state According to the kinetic theory solid particles motion is often described as lower K.E. less motion more packed particles and stronger intermolecular forces (IMF) 1. Intermolecular forces between particles are therefore far more effective in solids. 2. these hold particles of a solid in relatively fixed positions with the only vibrational movement. 3. solids are more ordered that the liquids and gases. 13 13 Table 1. Properties of liquids and solids; the particle model Click to edit Property Volume/ shape Master title Liquids style -Definite volume but indefinite shape Solids -Definite volume and shape solid can’t expand to fill a container. maintain a particular shape without a container volume is constant because of closely packed particles. Fluidity -Fluid ability to flow and take the form -Non fluid solid particles can’t flow of the container. because they are held in relatively fixed position. Density -Relative high density close -High density solid are packed more arrangement of particles compared to a closely than that of a liquid or gas. gas making mass volume ratio higher. -incompressible particles are packed Compressibility -Much less compressible than gases so close together there’s virtually no because particles are closer together. space between them. -slow diffusion much slower than Diffusibility -slower diffusion than gases mix with liquids due to the high IMF’s between other liquids due to the constant motion particles. of particles. -vibration in place. Motion of molecules -random motion, medium speed, limited distances. 14 14 Click to edit Example Masterand of Liquids titleSolid style 15 15 Click to edit Master title style Thank You 16