Introduction to Applied Biochemistry (LEF509M) PDF

Applied biochemistry (LEF509M)  Joint course MSc. Applied Biotechnology program (Introduction to Applied biotechnology- ILT102F) BSc. Biochemistry and molecular Course biology program (Introduction to...

Applied biochemistry (LEF509M)  Joint course MSc. Applied Biotechnology program (Introduction to Applied biotechnology- ILT102F) BSc. Biochemistry and molecular Course biology program (Introduction to Applied biochemistry- LEF509M) outline Two main teachers Guðrún Rútsdóttir. Assistant Professor in Applied Biotechnology – ILT102F Jens G. Hjörleifsson. Assistant Professor in Biochemistry – LEF509M 11/22/2024  Consists mainly of lectures Tuesdays 10:00-12:20 and Thursdays 10:00 – 11:30. All lectures recorded. Most lectures are shared between ILT102F and LEF509M. If not, indicated with blue colour in the Several invited guest syllabus. Course teachers. Björn Viðar Aðalbjörnsson (Food outline processing). Björn Þór Aðalsteinsson (Microbiology in industry). Andrew Falconbridge (Industry processing and upscaling). Sean M. Scully (Chemical productions in microbes). Field Trip Field trip to ORF will be organized. 11/22/2024 Course evaluation Presentation and oral Final exam sessions 60% of final grade. 40% of final grade. Written exam at the end of the semester. 11/22/2024 Oral sessions Two oral question sessions (10% of grade each). Two sessions. You will be handed two question each group at least one week in advance. Each group will then present their answers in an oral question session. You will also be the examiners! More on this later 11/22/2024 Student presentation Topic presentations (10% of grade). You will be handed in a topic two weeks in advance. The topic will be presented individually or in a group in a 15-20 minutes session followed by 5 minutes of questions. Student own topic presentation (10% of grade). Here students present an own topic within the biotech industry. This could be a talk about a subject you are especially interested in or a recent article that you like. You may also further expand on the course material, e.g. if you find the CRISPR-CAS system lecture interesting why not dig deeper and present it here? 11/22/2024 Course material Will consist of selected book chapters. Several journal articles and reviews. Tech notes from companies. And more.. All course material will be made available on the Canvas course web. 11/22/2024 Recommended biotech journals Highly recommended (special issues) 11/22/2024 How to excel at this course 1. Attend lectures 2. Review slides before attending lectures. 3. Actively participate in group assignments 4. Use the course material to deepen your knowledge (articles and book chapters). 5. Watch lecture recordings to recap. 11/22/2024 When you have a question regarding the course Use the discussion tab on Canvas! Course material Any course-related questions (others might have the same question!) Personal-related matters – please send me an email. 11/22/2024 What is applied biotechnology/biochemistry? 11/22/2024 What is applied biotechnology/biochemistry? 11/22/2024 What is applied biotechnology/biochemistry? 11/22/2024 What is applied biotechnology/biochemistry? 11/22/2024  Sometimes referred as the third wave in biotechnology. Industrial biotechnology is one of the most promising new approaches to pollution prevention, resource conservation, and cost reduction. Applied/Industrial It offers businesses a way to reduce costs and biotechnology create new markets while protecting the environment. Applied biotechnology involves working with Some points nature to maximize and optimize existing biochemical pathways that can be used in manufacturing. Through recombinant DNA technology, scientists can use microorganisms in new and exciting ways to manufacture polymers, vitamins, enzymes, or transportation fuel. 11/22/2024  Initially, biotechnology was used by companies to cut down cost. Nowadays sustainability is becoming a key notion for its progress. Applied/industrial biotechnology Applied/Industrial companies have discovered novel microbes in diverse locations biotechnology including the deep ocean trenches, the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, Some points Iceland and even in Antarctica. By genetically modifying these microbes, companies can use them to create specialized enzymes that are in turn harnessed to make new products and cleaner manufacturing processes. 11/22/2024 Get to know the Biotechnology innovation organization (BIO) https://www.bio.org/insights Creating a bio based economy 11/22/2024  Common areas within applied biotechnology/biochemistry Pharmaceutical Biotechnology in Energy biotechnology biotechnology chemical industry Environmental biotechnology Food processing Agriculture 11/22/2024 The colour codes of biotechnology Red Medicine and human health White Industrial processes involving microorganisms Green Process improving agriculture Blue Marine bitechnology Yellow Food and nutrition (Grey) Environmental biotechnology (Gold) Bioinformatics, computer science (Brow Biotechnology of desert and dry n) regions (Violet Law, ethics, philosophy ) Review article for white green and blu (Dark) Bioterrorism, biologial warfare e biotechnology 11/22/2024 White biotechnology: Industrial White biotechnology is arguably the largest area of biotechnology. It revolves primarily around the use of biocatalysts for the industrial- scale production and processing of products. There is also a focus on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes, involving the production of biodegradable polymers and renewable fuel to encourage a more sustainable system. 11/22/2024 Red biotechnology: Medicine and human health Biopharmaceutical development and production. Clinical trials, vaccine development. Disease research. Antibiotics development. Diognostics. Gene therapies and regenerative medicine. 11/22/2024 Green biotechnology: Agriculture Genetic modification of crops. Increase the production of food to meet the demand of an increasing population. Insect and pesticide resistance. More environmentally tolerable crops. Animal breeding (rare). 11/22/2024 Blue biotechnology: Marine Marine organisms have important roles in the production of many enzymes and proteins that have been used in numerous applications, from biodegradable plastics to medicinal products. Algae to produce bioactive compounds under controlled culture conditions, with the potential to be used in drug development. 11/22/2024 Yellow biotechnology: Food and nutrition Biotechnology used to improve nutrition. Utilization of enzymes and microbial processes to improve the content of foods. 11/22/2024 Future of applied biotechnology What problems are we tackling? Climate change. Global health problems. Alternative energy sources. Sustainable forms of production. Where does ethics come into play for applied biotechnology? Can be “double edged”. The no-edge double handle sword 11/22/2024 The technology gap A lag between availability and widespread use of a new technology. The problem of bringing together industry and academia to apply new technology within highly specialized fields. Remember when sequencing the human genome was supposed to solve most of the biology of humans? 11/22/2024  Could be used as carbonation source for An example: beverages. Full utilization Or trap as other fuel by of corn novel metabolic pathways of microorganism. Corn has been used for centuries as feedstock (raw material) for ethanol production New innovative methods are being used to produce more bioproducts than ethanol from the corn leftover biomaterial. Generally used as fiber- source in feed for cattle. Recently been used to make other more 11/22/2024 valuable products. Remember this term! Feedstock = raw material Fundamentals of Industrial Biotech – The cell! We harness cells or cellular components (i.e. enzymes) to do work. Cells do work by catalyzing unfavorable reactions at physiological temperatures. The “work” is conserved in molecules of interest which are usually harvested. Life is the most energy efficient process in the universe. 11/22/2024  Thermodynamics of the cell Cells store energy as potential energy by synthesizing molecules with high potential energy. This energy is referred to as Gibbs free energy (ΔG) More on this next week. Potential energy of a rock analogy Substrate ↔ Product Activation energy Activation energy Potential energy Free energy G# Position 1 Substrate Change in potential Change in ΔG energy free energy + Position 2 Product Coordinate Reaction coordinate 11/22/2024 The outline of industrial biotech Cell/protein engineering Upstream processes Downstream processes Industrial processing and scale-up 11/22/2024  “Small scale” vs. large scale? 11/22/2024