32 Questions
What does 'Science' refer to according to the Dictionary?
The study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment
What is the definition of 'Technology' according to the Dictionary?
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
How is 'Innovation' defined according to the Dictionary?
The application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs
What is the primary goal of Research and Development (R&D)?
To create new or improved technology for competitive advantage
What does 'Culture' refer to?
The belief, customs, arts, etc, of a particular group or society
Which term describes 'the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes'?
Technology
What are norms?
The special rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations
What do folkways refer to?
The routine conventions of everyday life and symbolic behavior
What is the relationship between society and culture?
Society represents the beliefs and practices of a group, while culture represents the people who share those beliefs and practices
What is ethics defined as?
The moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity
What is etiquette?
Expected behaviors and expectations for individual actions within society, group, or class
What do business etiquettes refer to?
The written and unwritten rules of conduct that make social interactions run more smoothly
What is the importance of business etiquettes?
Prevents Misunderstanding
What does punctuality signify in German business culture?
Wasting time by showing up late is disrespectful
What does drinking alcohol represent in Saudi Arabia (mores)?
It is illegal to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia
What can violation of mores bring?
A serious justice as theft or cannibalism
According to the Dictionary, "Science" is a noun, which refers to the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and ______
experiment
According to the Dictionary, "Technology" is a noun. It refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical ______
purposes
According to the Dictionary, "INNOVATION" is a noun. It refers to a new method, idea, ______
product
Research and development (R&D) is a process intended to create NEW or IMPROVED technology that can provide a competitive advantage at the business, industry, or ______ level
national
While the rewards can be very high, the process of technological innovation (of which R&D is the first phase) is ______ and risky
complex
Culture is the belief, customs, arts, etc, of a particular group or ______
society
Culture includes all of the things listed in the picture and how these things vary from ______
place
Styles of clothes change because of the weather or because of the religion in certain ______
areas
Values are the abstract ideas about what a group believe to be good, right and ______
desirable
Norms are the special rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular ______
situations
Folkways: (the routine conventions of every day life/ rituals and symbolic behavior) good social manner, appropriate dress code in a particular situation, eating with correct ______
utensils
Mores: (norms that are seen as central to the functioning of society and to its social life) they have much greater significance than folkways and violation can bring serious justice as ______, cannibalism etc.
theft
A culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group, while Society represents the people who share those beliefs and ______
practices
Ethics is defined as the moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an ______
activity
The set of written and unwritten rules of conduct that make social interactions run more ______
smoothly
In German eyes, time is ______. Wasting time by showing up late is disrespectful.
money
Study Notes
Definitions
- Science: Intellectual and practical activity studying the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation.
- Technology: Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- Innovation: A new method, idea, or product.
Research and Development (R&D)
- Primary goal is to create new or improved technology for competitive advantages at business, industry, or market levels.
- Process is often high-reward but also fraught with risks.
Culture
- Represents beliefs, customs, arts, and practices of a particular group or society.
- Varies greatly across different societies; influenced by factors like weather and religion.
Norms and Folkways
- Norms: Special rules and guidelines dictating appropriate behavior in various situations.
- Folkways: Routine conventions of everyday life, including good social manners and appropriate dress codes.
Mores
- Mores are norms seen as central to societal function; violations can lead to severe consequences such as legal penalties or societal ostracism (e.g. cannibalism).
Society and Culture
- Society encompasses individuals who share beliefs and practices, while culture embodies those beliefs and practices.
Ethics and Etiquette
- Ethics: Moral principles governing individual behavior or conduct.
- Etiquette: Set of written and unwritten rules that guide social interaction, promoting smooth communication and interaction.
Business Etiquette
- Business etiquettes are essential for professional interactions and maintaining a positive workplace environment.
- Importance lies in fostering respect and effective communication among colleagues and clients.
Cultural Insights
- Punctuality in German Business Culture: Time is considered very valuable; lateness is seen as disrespectful.
- Drinking Alcohol in Saudi Arabia: Drinking is generally a violation of mores and heavily frowned upon, reflecting the importance of cultural practices and beliefs.
Consequences of Violating Mores
- Violating societal mores can lead to significant repercussions, including legal actions and social exclusion.
Test your understanding of the conceptual framework and definitions of science and technology. Explore the meanings and applications of these terms in the context of the IT era.
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