The Impact of Personality on Ageing

Which of the following is a key factor in attachment according to Harlow's experiments with monkeys?

Security

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak according to the text?

Second year of life

How many styles of attachment have been identified through the Strange Situation procedure?

Four

What term is used to describe the mental representations of attachment relationships that infants develop?

Internal working models Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the processes through which individuals come to learn the rules, beliefs, values, skills, attitudes, and behavior patterns of their society?

Socialization Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's theory of psychodynamics, what determines behavior?

Wishes, fears, and intentions Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic human motives according to Freud's drive model?

Sex and aggression Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Freud's developmental model involves the resolution of the Oedipus complex?

Phallic stage Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's structural model, what is the role of the superego?

Conscience Signup and view all the answers

Which defence mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Projection Signup and view all the answers

What do cognitive-social theories emphasize as important factors in personality?

Encoding, personal value, expectancies, competencies, and self-regulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of parental warmth and sensitivity in social development?

Parental warmth and sensitivity are associated with self-esteem, independence, and emotional stability. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does gender socialization typically begin?

Gender socialization begins in early childhood. Signup and view all the answers

What is perspective-taking?

Perspective-taking is the ability to understand other people's viewpoints. Signup and view all the answers

What are gender schemas?

Gender schemas are mental representations that associate psychological characteristics with one sex or the other. Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg's stage theory, at which level of moral reasoning do individuals define right and wrong according to learned cultural standards?

Conventional level Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of moral development suggests that guilt motivates people to obey their conscience?

Psychodynamic theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Eysenck's major factors of personality?

Openness to experience Signup and view all the answers

Which model of personality includes the factors of Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience?

HEXACO model Signup and view all the answers

What is the heritability range of personality traits?

15 to 50 percent Signup and view all the answers

According to Mischel's arguments, what activates personality processes?

Particular situations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Rogers' person-centred approach?

To understand individuals' phenomenal experience Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to intelligence is theory-driven and draws on research in cognitive science?

Information-processing approach Signup and view all the answers

According to Spearman's two-factor theory, what is the g-factor?

General intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of intelligence distinguishes eight relatively independent and neurologically distinct types of intelligence?

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional intelligence?

The ability to read people's emotions and use one's own emotional responses adaptively Signup and view all the answers

What does the heritability of IQ studies suggest?

IQ is shaped by the interaction of heredity and environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tool of the psychometric approach to intelligence?

Factor analysis Signup and view all the answers