15 Questions
What is the recommended dilution of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite according to CDC?
1:10
Which compound is known for its antibacterial activity through oxidative and disinfecting effects of hypochlorous acids?
Formaldehyde
Which heavy metal is commonly used as an antiseptic?
Mercury
Which compound is known to be effective against HIV and Hepatitis B for 10 minutes?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Which biosafety level agent has no known potential for infecting healthy people?
Biosafety Level 1 agents
What type of agents are handled in a Class II BSC Class III Cabinet?
BSL 4 agents
For which type of agents is it required for personnel to change into recommended laboratory clothing before handling them?
BSL 2 agents
Which biosafety level agent requires extra precaution due to its potential for aerosol transmission?
Biosafety Level 3 agents
Which type of toxin does not require bacterial death to be released into circulation?
Exotoxin
What component of the Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for the toxicity of endotoxins?
Lipid A
Which bacteria is associated with exotoxins and belongs to the Gram-positive group?
Clostridium botulinum
What is the primary way to avoid nosocomial infections?
Proper handwashing
Which type of infection is confined to one area and shows signs and symptoms localized in that area?
Focal infection
What term describes the presence of bacteria in the blood without active multiplication?
Bacteremia
Which type of infection involves active multiplication of pus-producing organisms in the blood?
Pyemia
Study Notes
Disinfectants and Antiseptics
- 1:10 to 1:100 is the recommended dilution of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite according to CDC.
- Hypochlorous acid is the compound known for its antibacterial activity through oxidative and disinfecting effects.
Antiseptics
- Mercury is the heavy metal commonly used as an antiseptic.
Viral Infections
- Sodium hypochlorite is the compound known to be effective against HIV and Hepatitis B for 10 minutes.
Biosafety Levels
- Biosafety Level 1 agents have no known potential for infecting healthy people.
- Class III agents are handled in a Class II BSC Class III Cabinet.
- Personnel must change into recommended laboratory clothing before handling Biosafety Level 3 agents.
- Biosafety Level 3 agents require extra precaution due to their potential for aerosol transmission.
Toxins
- Exotoxins do not require bacterial death to be released into circulation.
- Lipopolysaccharide is the component of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the toxicity of endotoxins.
- Bacillus anthracis is the Gram-positive bacteria associated with exotoxins.
Infection Prevention and Control
- Proper hand hygiene is the primary way to avoid nosocomial infections.
- Localized infections are confined to one area and show signs and symptoms localized in that area.
- Bacteremia is the term that describes the presence of bacteria in the blood without active multiplication.
- Septicemia is the type of infection that involves active multiplication of pus-producing organisms in the blood.
Test your knowledge on hospital-acquired infections, including common types such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, surgical site infections, and bloodstream infections. Learn about how proper handwashing can help prevent nosocomial infections and the types of infection according to healthcare settings.
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