Nosocomial Infections and Iatrogenic Infections

What is the term used to describe microorganisms that are normally present in the body but cause infection when found in a different part of the body?

Infectious agents

Which term describes the growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not usually found?

Infection

What is the term for an infection that produces no clinical evidence of disease?

Asymptomatic

Which term refers to the collective vegetation of microorganisms in a given area of the body?

Resident flora Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the freedom from disease-causing microorganisms?

Asepsis Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the ability of microorganisms to produce disease?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between colonization and infection?

Colonization refers to microorganisms invading the body, while infection refers to microorganisms residing as flora. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a local infection from a systemic infection?

A local infection is limited to a specific part of the body Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main sources of microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections?

Clients themselves and hospital personnel Signup and view all the answers

When does an infection become a disease?

When the signs and symptoms are unique and distinguishable Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct result of iatrogenic infections?

Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures Signup and view all the answers

How is droplet spread considered in terms of transmission mechanisms?

A form of direct transmission Signup and view all the answers

What term is used when a culture of a person's blood reveals microorganisms?

Bacteremia Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the extent to which a microorganism can produce an infectious process?

Pathogenicity of the microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a vector in transmission mechanisms?

Flying insect Signup and view all the answers

How do acute infections differ from chronic infections?

Chronic infections may last months or years, while acute infections last a short time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common reservoir for microorganisms?

Carriers with no clinical signs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fomites in indirect transmission?

Introduce the infectious agent into a host Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes nosocomial infections from other types of infections?

They originate in the hospital setting Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the most common source of infection for others and for themselves?

People Signup and view all the answers

How does direct transmission differ from indirect transmission?

Direct involves immediate person-to-person transfer, while indirect involves intermediate means. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for a person or animal reservoir that does not show clinical signs of disease?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

Which activity can lead to droplet spread according to the text?

Sneezing Signup and view all the answers

What distance is mentioned for droplet spread to occur?

1 meter (3 feet) Signup and view all the answers

How can transmission occur through airborne droplets?

By inhaling droplet nuclei from a contaminated environment Signup and view all the answers

What is a susceptible host in the context of infection?

Any person who is at risk for infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a means of transmission mentioned in the text?

Direct contact with skin Signup and view all the answers

Why is a break in the skin significant in terms of infection?

It allows microorganisms to enter the body easily Signup and view all the answers

What role does the respiratory tract play as a portal of entry for microorganisms?

It is a common entry point for infectious agents Signup and view all the answers

Why are compromised hosts more susceptible to infections?

Impairment of the body’s natural defenses and other factors increase their susceptibility Signup and view all the answers