NGN: Next Generation Networks Quiz

H.323 vs SIP

• H.323 is a more complex protocol with a centralised architecture, whereas SIP has a decentralised architecture
• H.323 requires a Gatekeeper for authentication and address resolution, whereas SIP uses DNS or redirect servers for address resolution
• SIP provides better interoperability due to its simplicity and flexibility

Protocols and Messages

• H.323 uses ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) message format
• SIP provides instant messaging facility along with call routing
• SIP is considered more advantageous than H.323 in terms of ease of implementation due to its simplicity and flexibility

VOIP and IPTV

• RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) is a suitable transport protocol for VOIP traffic
• SIP is commonly used for streaming video in IPTV services
• In NGN networks, the main focus of the 'service' concept is to provide services independently from underlying transport technologies
• Live IPTV involves broadcasting live programs over an internet connection

Network Fundamentals

• SIP belongs to the application layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model
• DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line, which is a technology for broadband internet access
• The purpose of DSL is to provide high-speed internet access over existing copper telephone lines
• ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) is called asymmetric because the download speed is much faster than the upload speed
• POTS stands for Plain Old Telephone Service
• A splitter is used at the user's end in a DSL network to separate POTS from computer signals
• According to ITU-T Rec.G.992.1, the maximum download speed for SDSL (Symmetric DSL) is 1.544 Mbps

Next Generation Networks (NGN)

• NGN allows telecommunications services to be provided independently from underlying transport technologies
• A defining characteristic of Next Generation Core Networks is the separation of transport and service layers
• In the context of NGN, QoS stands for Quality of Service
• A key aspect of Architectural evolution and innovation in telecommunication and access networking is the convergence of fixed and mobile networks

4G and WiMAX

• A key difference between the usage of '4G' in the market and the actual 4G standard is the download speed, which should be at least 1 Gbps
• IP-based protocols are used in 4G networks to provide high-speed data services
• A single WiMAX tower can provide a coverage area of up to 3,000 square miles
• A smaller (indoor) antenna in WiMAX provides Line-of-Sight (LOS) service
• The frequency range for the non-line-of-sight service in WiMAX is 2-6 GHz

FTTH

• FTTH stands for Fiber to the Home
• The maximum transmission speed that can be achieved with FTTH technology is up to 10 Gbps
• A common characteristic of AON (Active Optical Network) and PON (Passive Optical Network) in Optical Networks is the use of fiber optic cables

Test your knowledge on NGN (Next Generation Networks) principles, including VoIP, H.323, and SIP protocols. Explore the differences between H.323 and SIP related to origins, endpoint location, and call routing.