36 Questions
What is a main purpose of ventilation?
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which equation is used to measure physiologic dead space?
Bohr equation
How does alveolar ventilation affect alveolar gas tensions?
It increases oxygen tension and decreases carbon dioxide tension
Which lung capacity is determined by the strength of contraction of the inspiratory muscles?
TLC
What effect does a decrease in Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) have on Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Decreases ERV
Which parameter greatly increases in obstructive lung disease?
RV
Which method cannot be used to measure Residual Volume (RV)?
Spirometry
What is used to measure lung volumes when the subject must be conscious and cooperative?
Water-seal spirometer
What causes airway closure to begin at the Closing Volume?
Decreased traction on small airways
During the 2nd breath, where does most of the oxygen enter initially?
Upper alveoli
What does tidal volume refer to?
The amount of air that normally moves into (or out of) the lungs with each respiration
What is a consequence of aging on lung volumes and capacities?
Increased chest wall inward recoil
Which condition could be a reasonable explanation for a patient's significantly decreased functional residual capacity?
All of the above
Which phase during expired gas measurement indicates the beginning of dependent airway closure?
Phase IV
If a seated person inspires from residual volume, where would most of the inhaled gas end up after the dead space?
In alveoli in upper portions of the lung
How do lung volumes change from standing to supine position?
RV and TLC slightly decrease or do not change at all
What is a major characteristic of a restrictive lung disease?
Reduced compliance and compressed lung volumes
What is the function of a Spirometer?
Measure lung volumes the subject can exchange with it
What happens to FRC during obstructive lung disease?
Greatly increased
How does an increase in physiologic dead space typically occur in a healthy individual?
Due to an increase in alveolar dead space
What is the main function of functional residual capacity (FRC) in the lungs?
To resist sudden changes in alveolar air composition
How does alveolar dead space differ from physiologic dead space?
Alveolar dead space is ventilation reaching alveoli that are now perfused
What happens to the partial pressure of CO2 in blood if dead space increases if there is no compensation?
It increases
In which phase of respiration do the last 150 ml of air in the anatomic dead space remain not fresh?
Expiration
Vital Capacity (VC) decreases in obstructive lung disease.
True
Anatomic dead space is part of physiologic dead space.
True
The Bohr equation is used to measure alveolar ventilation.
False
Alveolar ventilation affects alveolar gas tensions.
True
Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreases when transitioning from standing to supine position.
True
Regional differences in alveolar ventilation occur at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) and Residual Volume (RV).
True
Closing Volume is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration.
False
Alveolar ventilation mainly impacts regional distribution of alveolar oxygen and nitrogen.
False
Dalton's law explains the composition of respiratory gases in the alveoli.
True
If a patient's functional residual capacity is significantly less than expected, which of the following positions is least likely to have caused this reduction?
Standing position
What would be an expected outcome if a seated person inspires from residual volume and most of the inhaled gas remains in the anatomic dead space?
Decreased alveolar ventilation
What is most likely to contribute to a paradoxical decrease in lung function test results?
An increase in residual volume
Explore the standard lung volumes and capacities in the human respiratory system. Learn about vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and residual volume, all measured at BTPS conditions.
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