Kidney Autoregulation Mechanisms Quiz

How does the net filtration pressure change when Glomerular capillary blood pressure increases?

Increases

What happens to the GFR when there is vasoconstriction in the afferent arteriole?

Decreases

How does vasodilation in the afferent arteriole affect the GFR?

Increases

What is the most variable factor that causes significant changes in the kidney's compensation for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

Mean arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does the sympathetic nervous system regulate glomerular blood flow?

Regulating the caliber of afferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system has no influence on the kidneys?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main mechanisms involved in autoregulation of GFR in the kidneys?

Myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the afferent arteriole when GFR is high?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What triggers afferent arteriole vasoconstriction in the myogenic mechanism?

High MAP Signup and view all the answers

Where does tubuloglomerular feedback occur?

Juxtaglomerular apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic renal processes?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of podocytes in the glomerular membrane?

Podocytes with foot processes help in retaining blood cells and plasma proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of the glomerular capillary wall.

Simple epithelial layer with large pores (fenestrations) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water is reabsorbed at a normal GFR of 125 ml/min?

99% Signup and view all the answers

Why is glomerular capillary blood pressure higher than elsewhere in the body?

Due to the larger diameter of the afferent arteriole compared to that of the efferent arteriole. Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is reabsorption from the tubular lumen to the blood?

Transepithelial transport Signup and view all the answers

What causes the plasma-colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular membrane?

Unequal distribution of plasma proteins across the glomerular membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How is glomerular filtration regulated?

By various pressures at the glomerular membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of total Na+ reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

67% Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone affects Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane?

Na+ reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total water reabsorption occurs in the loop of Henle?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total water reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which ion plays a critical role in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Cl- (Chloride) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of Na+ reabsorption in regulating arterial blood pressure?

Na+ reabsorption is crucial for the regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, which in turn impacts arterial blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) affect Na+ reabsorption?

RAAS increases Na+ reabsorption. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between water reabsorption and plasma/blood volume regulation.

Water reabsorption is essential for regulating plasma/blood volume. Signup and view all the answers

How does Aldosterone impact Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules?

Aldosterone stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) have on Na+ reabsorption?

ANP decreases Na+ reabsorption. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) to activate?

A fall in NaCl/ECF volume/blood pressure triggers the activation of RAAS. Signup and view all the answers