Micro Exam 3

How many categories are used to classify life?

Name the 8 classifications of life from most inclusive to least inclusive

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

What are the 3 domains of life?

Prokaryotes are __-cellular organisms

Eukaryotes can be multicellular or unicellular

Prokaryotes include...

Give an example of eukaryotes

Who introduced a formal classification system with two kingdoms, Plantae and Animalia?

In the five-kingdom system proposed by Robert H. Whittaker, prokaryotes were placed in which kingdom?

Which scientist proposed the elevation of three cell types to a level above kingdom, introducing the concept of domains?

What distinguishes the three domains proposed by Carl R. Woese from each other?

What major advancement in biological classification was based on observations about ribosomes and nucleotide sequences?

What is the primary difference in reproduction methods between eukaryotic cells and archaea?

Which of the following is a key difference in the cellular structure between eukaryotic cells and archaea?

Which of the following is a key difference in the genetic makeup between archaea and bacteria?

Identify the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy

Identify the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy

Which are serological methods? Which are DNA Hybridization methods?

Which are serological methods? Which are DNA Hybridization methods?

Who is the guilty one?

What is southern blotting?

Which definition fits Western blotting?

What is a cladogram?

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?

Which test involves preparing suspensions of an unknown bacterium in saline, adding different antisera, and checking for clumping?

Which statement regarding viral species is true?

The three domains of life include the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. For this activity, the description of each group or examples from a group must be matched with the appropriate location in the image depicting the three domain classification of living things. Drag the description to the appropriate location on the image depicting the three domains system.

Match organisms that can be classified under Archaea

Match organisms that can be classified under Bacteria

Match the organisms that can be classified under Eukarya

Members of the Domain Archaea are characterized by all of the following except:

A unicellular, photosynthetic nucleated cell would belong to Domain:

The first cells were formed approximately ___________ years ago.

Which of the following is the original basis for differentiation of the three domains of life?

How many answers are there to a question in a dichotomous key flowchart?

Why are flowcharts useful for dichotomous keys?

The first question in this dichotomous key addresses

Numerical identification methods rely on a series of which kind of tests to identify microorganisms?

Which contains all the information of the other three

Organisms once classified as protists are now being divided into which of the following?

Which technique is often used to determine the identity and abundance of microorganisms in an environment? (This technique is particularly useful because it does not require culturing the organisms.)

A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results. In the figure, which figure shows the most closely related organisms?

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria?

What is the hallmark of dichotomous keys?

Biochemical tests _________________.

Which of the following techniques could be used to identify antibodies produced by a patient?

Which type of organism would NOT be included in the Domain Eukarya?

For a serological bacterial identification test to be performed, you must have ________ in your possession.

In the table, which feature(s) is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

Consider a gram-negative pathogen isolated from marine mammals. This pathogen is subjected to a series of tests and found to have the following characteristics: oxidase-positive, does not hydrolyze urea, produces indole, does not produce acetoin. Which of the following could it be?

Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?

Which of the following groups in the Domain Archaea require high salt concentrations for survival?

Organism A has 70 moles % G+C, and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology differs from Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology in that the former

Bacillus and Lactobacillus are not in the same order. This indicates that which one of the following is not sufficient to assign an organism to a taxon?

Which of the following is used to classify organisms into the Kingdom Fungi?

Which of the following is false about scientific nomenclature?

You could identify an unknown bacterium by all of the following except

The wall-less mycoplasmas are considered to be related to gram-positive bacteria . Which of the following would provide the most compelling evidence for this?

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

Which is (are) found in all three domains?

Which is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

If you Gram-stained the bacteria that live in the human intestine, you would expect to find mostly

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

Pathogenic bacteria can be

Which of the following is an intracellular parasite?

Which of the following terms is the most specific?

Which one of the following does not belong with the others?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Spirillum is not classified as a spirochete because spirochetes

When Legionella was newly discovered, why was it classified with the pseudomonads?

Unlike purple and green phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria

All of the following bacteria are motile. Which does NOT have flagella?

Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias

Bacteroides

The characteristic most notable regarding the mycoplasmas is that they

Members of which group or genus of Archaea are part of the microbiota of the human colon, vagina, and mouth?

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the other betaproteobacteria?

Which of the following genera can be described as a non-motile aerobic gram negative rod?

Which of the following factors is believed to limit the size of most bacterial cells?

Regarding the Order Rhizobiales of the Class alphaproteobacteria, which genus includes human pathogens?

You have isolated and grown a pure culture of a prokaryotic cell type. The first step in identification is a(n)

Which gammaproteobacteria are facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rods that inhabit the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals?

Gram-positive organisms with high G+C content are in the phylum __________.

You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong?

A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green photosynthesizing bacteria is

Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces

Which of the following photosynthetic bacteria carries out oxygenic photosynthesis and most likely altered Earth's atmosphere by significantly contributing to the accumulation of oxygen gas?

You have isolated a gram-positive bacterium with low G + C content from unpasteurized milk. It infected a pregnant woman, and now you are worried that her child will be stillborn. What bacterium is it?

Which of the following is NOT an enteric?

If a patient is diagnosed with a peptic ulcer, which genus of proteobacteria is probably responsible?

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria?

Which of the following form conidiospores?

If a typhoid fever outbreak has occurred, which of the following statements is true?

Blood agar would be the culture medium of choice if one were testing a patient for which of the following?

How many phyla are represented in the following list of organisms: Echinococcus, Cyclospora, Aspergillus, Taenia, Toxoplasma, Trichinella?

How many phyla are represented in the following list of organisms: Echinococcus, Cyclospora, Aspergillus, Taenia, Toxoplasma, Trichinella?

1. metacercaria
2. redia
3. adult
4. miracidium
5. cercaria

If a snail is the first intermediate host of a parasite with these stages, which stage would be found in the snail?

Fleas are the intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum tapeworm, and dogs are the definitive host. Which stage of the parasite could be found in the flea?

Which of the following statements about yeasts are true? Yeasts are fungi. Yeasts can form pseudohyphae. Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding. Yeasts are facultatively anaerobic. All yeasts are pathogenic. All yeasts are dimorphic.

Which of the following events follows cell fusion in an ascomycete?

The definitive host for Plasmodium vivax is

These are obligate intracellular parasites that lack mitochondria.

These are nonmotile parasites with special organelles for penetrating host tissue.

These photosynthetic organisms can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?

In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the ________ host, while mosquitoes are the ________ host as well as the vector.

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore 3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore In the table, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT

Humans are the definitive host for __________, which is a type of __________.

In the microscope, you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores. This is a(n)

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Dengue fever and Zika virus are transmitted by which of the following?

Which phylum of protozoa contains organisms that are non-motile, obligate intracellular parasites?

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

Trichomonas vaginalis can be distinguished from other parasitic protozoa by which of the characteristics listed below?

A wolf kills a deer that is infected with ________ of Echinococcus granulosis in its liver and eats it. After consuming the deer, the wolf's intestine becomes filled with a number of ________ produced from scoleces. These eventually release eggs into the wolf's intestines, which are released in its feces.

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following statements about protozoa is true?

Which of the following organisms requires an additional non-human host to complete its life cycle?

Infecting more than 2 billion people worldwide, ________ are the most common causes of chronic infectious diseases.

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free-living helminths?

The term dermatophyte is typically used for fungi that cause which of the following?

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore 3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore In the table, which of these spores are asexual spores?

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because

Dinoflagellates are a type of unicellular __________. One genus of dinoflagellates is responsible for a foodborne disease called __________.

Which statement regarding helminths is true?

Place the following in the most likely order for biosynthesis of a bacteriophage: (1) phage lysozyme; (2) mRNA; (3) DNA; (4) viral proteins; (5) DNA polymerase.

The molecule serving as mRNA can be incorporated in the newly synthesized virus capsids of all of the following except

A virus with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Which of the following would be the first step in the biosynthesis of a virus with reverse transcriptase?

An example of lysogeny in animals could be

The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by

Which of the following statements is false?

Place the following in the order in which they are found in a host cell: (1) capsid proteins; (2) infective phage particles; (3) phage nucleic acid.

Which of the following does not initiate DNA synthesis?

A viral species is not defined on the basis of the disease symptoms it causes. The best example of this is

A viral species is a group of viruses that

A viral species is a group of viruses that

A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside the patient?

A persistent infection is one in which

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

Which of the following is true of viroids?

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that

Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE?

Which of the following statements concerning prion diseases is true?

Which of the following is true regarding cultivation and isolation of animal viruses?

How do all viruses differ from bacteria?

Which of the following statements concerning viruses is true?

Which of the following is true concerning a lysogenic viral replication cycle?

Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT

Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families

A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the

The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers was provided by

Which statement is INCORRECT concerning animal viruses?

Which virus is NOT associated with cancer?

________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ________ in infected cells.

The definition of lysogeny is

Which statement concerning viral structure is true?

Why do most scientists agree that viruses are nonliving entities?

A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a

Each of the following can be used for the detection and/or identification of viruses except _______________.

Which of the following statements regarding latent viral infections is true?

Why do we classify viruses as obligatory intracellular parasites?

What is a virion?

Compare biosynthesis of a + stranded RNA and a − stranded RNA virus.

Some antibiotics activate phage genes. MRSA releasing Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes a life-threatening disease. Why can this happen following antibiotic treatment?

Recall from Chapter 1 that Koch’s postulates are used to determine the etiology of a disease. Why is it difficult to determine the etiology of a viral infection, such as influenza?

Recall from Chapter 1 that Koch’s postulates are used to determine the etiology of a disease. Why is it difficult to determine the etiology of cancer?

Persistent viral infections such as (a) ___________ might be caused by (b) ___________ that are ( c ) ___________.

Plant viruses can’t penetrate intact plant cells because (a) ___________; therefore, they enter cells by (b) ___________. Plant viruses can be cultured in ( c ) ___________.

Identify the viral family that infects skin, mucosa, and nerve cells; causes infections that can recur because of latency, and has polyhedral geometry

A 40-year-old man who was seropositive for HIV experienced abdominal pain, fatigue, and low-grade fever (38°C) for 2 weeks. A chest X-ray examination revealed lung infiltrates. Gram and acid-fast stains were negative. A viral culture revealed the cause of his symptoms: a large, enveloped polyhedral virus with double-stranded DNA. What is the disease?

A 40-year-old man who was seropositive for HIV experienced abdominal pain, fatigue, and low-grade fever (38°C) for 2 weeks. A chest X-ray examination revealed lung infiltrates. Gram and acid-fast stains were negative. A viral culture revealed the cause of his symptoms: a large, enveloped polyhedral virus with double-stranded DNA. Which virus causes it?

A 40-year-old man who was seropositive for HIV experienced abdominal pain, fatigue, and low-grade fever (38°C) for 2 weeks. A chest X-ray examination revealed lung infiltrates. Gram and acid-fast stains were negative. A viral culture revealed the cause of his symptoms: a large, enveloped polyhedral virus with double-stranded DNA. Why was a viral culture done after the Gram and acid-fast stain results were obtained?

A newborn female developed extensive vesicular and ulcerative lesions over her face and chest. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?

A newborn female developed extensive vesicular and ulcerative lesions over her face and chest. How would you determine the viral cause of this disease without doing a viral culture?

By May 14, two people living in the same household had died within 5 days of each other. Their illnesses were characterized by abrupt onset of fever, muscle pain, headache, and cough, followed by the rapid development of respiratory failure. By the end of the year, 36 cases of this disease, with a 50% mortality rate, had been confirmed. A member of the Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, or Adenoviridae could cause this disease. Differentiate among these families by method of transmission, morphology, nucleic acid, and type of replication. The reservoir for this disease is mice. Name the disease.

Viral species share similar genetic information and...

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes between generalized and specialized transduction?

What are the major diffrences between bacteriophages and animal viruses?

Where specifically does a DNA virus replicate in its host cell?

Why must transcription of ss R N A;-(antisense) strand occur during multiplication?

Enzyme that produces DNA from a viral RNA genome is ____

If viral cancers are not contagious, how do they occur?

Distinguish latent virus infections from persistent viral infections

How do plant viruses enter plant cells?

In what ways can PrP^Sc be transmitted?

Which of the following organisms are most closely related?

Are any two the same species?

Which of these organisms are most closely related?

The GC content of Micrococcus is 66–75 moles %, and of Staphylococcus, 30–40 moles %. According to this information, would you conclude that these two genera are closely related?

Which molecular biology techniques are commonly utilized for the rapid identification of unknown bacteria?

A 55-year-old veterinarian was admitted to a hospital with a 2-day history of fever, chest pain, and cough. Gram-positive cocci were detected in his sputum, and he was treated for lobar pneumonia with penicillin. The next day, another Gram stain of his sputum revealed gram-negative rods, and he was switched to ampicillin and gentamicin. A sputum culture showed biochemically inactive gram-negative rods identified as Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans. After fluorescent-antibody staining and phage typing, Yersinia pestis was identified in the patient’s sputum and blood, and chloramphenicol and tetracycline were administered. The patient died 3 days after admission to the hospital. Tetracycline was given to his 220 contacts (hospital personnel, family, and co-workers). What disease did the patient have?

A 55-year-old veterinarian was admitted to a hospital with a 2-day history of fever, chest pain, and cough. Gram-positive cocci were detected in his sputum, and he was treated for lobar pneumonia with penicillin. The next day, another Gram stain of his sputum revealed gram-negative rods, and he was switched to ampicillin and gentamicin. A sputum culture showed biochemically inactive gram-negative rods identified as Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans. After fluorescent-antibody staining and phage typing, Yersinia pestis was identified in the patient’s sputum and blood, and chloramphenicol and tetracycline were administered. The patient died 3 days after admission to the hospital. Tetracycline was given to his 220 contacts (hospital personnel, family, and co-workers). Why were the 220 other people treated?

Which Genus is characterized by its swarming ability?

Where are heterocysts found?

What distinguishes Bdellovibrio from other in its class?

Hyphae involved in reproduction is called

An asexual sport with a hyphal segment is called...

Lichens are mutualistic combination of...

Algae that stores oil are called...

The slime mold that exhibits cytoplasmic streaming.....

what cestode uses humans as a definitive host

What distinguishes biological transmission from mechanical transmission?

Of fungi, Sexual reproduction has not been observed in...

Fungi that produce basidiospores include

Which is an example of chemoheterotrophic algae?

Alexandrium (red tide) has been called a plant, protist, protozoan, and alga in the past. Now it’s in the SAR clade, along with Plasmodium and Paramecium. Are all SAR members photosynthetic?

Which bacterial classes belong to the Proteobacteria phylum?

Which uses reduced sulfur compounds as an electron donor?

How can some prokaryotes grow larger than normal bacterial sizes?