Environmental Science and Ecology

What is the layer below the lithosphere called?

Aesthenosphere

Why does the aesthenosphere lack strength or rigidity?

Because of high confining pressure

Which of the following sciences does Environmental Science integrate information and ideas from?

Biology, chemistry, and geology

How does the discovery of the aesthenosphere contribute to the concept of continental drift?

It supports the idea of continents sliding over a softened layer Signup and view all the answers

What are the three goals of Environmental Science as mentioned in the text?

Learn how life on earth has survived and thrived, understand our interactions with the environment, and find solutions to environmental problems Signup and view all the answers

What is differentiation in relation to planetary objects?

A process creating zones with differing compositions Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Earth's temperatures compared to other planets in our solar system?

Mild and relatively constant Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness of the lithosphere vary on Earth?

It is thickest under oceans Signup and view all the answers

Which major components make up the Earth as mentioned in the text?

Atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere Signup and view all the answers

What makes the aesthenosphere appear 'mushy' according to the text?

High temperatures close to mantle melting temperature Signup and view all the answers

In Earth's close system, how do materials and energy cycle?

Constantly from one open reservoir to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tectonic plate movements on Earth as per the text?

Constantly shaping landscapes Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental issue is attributed to the burning of fossil fuels?

Global warming and climate change Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion mentioned in the text?

Skin cancer incidence in humans Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes most significantly to the decline of petroleum and coal reserves?

Burning of fossil fuels leading to global warming Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge related to biodiversity loss as highlighted in the text?

Collection and disposal of solid waste Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as one of the major causes of environmental problems according to the text?

Population growth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of waste is specifically mentioned in the text as contributing to environmental issues?

Hospital wastes like syringes and blood samples Signup and view all the answers

What has been identified as one of the improvements in environmental conditions in recent times?

Reduced wasteful resource uses Signup and view all the answers

Which region has shown progress in controlling air and water pollution, according to the text?

Western Countries Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a factor contributing to environmental problems due to financial considerations?

Failure to include environmental costs in market prices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has NOT contributed to the stabilization of the population according to the text?

Industrialization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force behind the movement of lithospheric plates?

Convection within the earth Signup and view all the answers

What feature marks divergent margins in an oceanic setting?

Midoceanic ridges Signup and view all the answers

How are continental collision zones, like the Himalayas, characterized geologically?

Mountain ranges Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fragments of moving lithosphere colliding in terms of mountain range formation?

Growth of mountain ranges Signup and view all the answers

What event led to the formation of the Himalayas approximately 45 million years ago?

The collision of the Indian subcontinent with Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of oceanic plates splitting apart?

Creation of new mountain ranges Signup and view all the answers