Condensation and Saponification Reactions Quiz

Condensation Reactions

• A condensation reaction occurs when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the simultaneous loss of a small molecule such as water and the formation of a new bond.
• Water is lost as a product, and a new oxygen-carbon bond is formed.
• Examples of condensation reactions include reactions 5 and 6.

Saponification Reactions

• Saponification reaction occurs when a fat, oil, or lipid is cleaved and converted into soap and alcohol by the action of heat, water, and a base.
• Fats are typically in the form of esters.
• When esters undergo saponification, carboxylate (soap) and an alcohol (glycerol) functional groups are produced.

Preparation of Selected Organic Compounds

• Organic compounds are synthesized from other groups of organic compounds.
• Two or more organic compounds react to form a new organic compound with characteristic properties.
• Heat, temperature, pressure, acids, bases, and water are essentials needed to make a chemical reaction feasible.
• Examples of preparation routes include:
  • Preparation of Alkanes

Isomerism

• Functional isomerism occurs when different compounds are formed due to different arrangements of their atoms leading to different functional groups.
• Functional isomers have entirely different properties.
• Examples of positional isomerism include:
  • C2H6O
  • C3H6O
  • C2H4O2

Simple Reactions of Organic Compounds

• Combustion Reactions:
  • Occur when a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.
  • Must involve O2 or oxygen gas as one reactant.
  • Examples include the combustion of organic fuels, such as coal, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, methane, propane, and butane.
• Addition Reactions:
  • Multiple bonds, such as a double or a triple bond, can be converted into other functional groups.
  • Elements such as hydrogen, halogens, compounds like water, and functional groups such as the hydroxyl group can be attached or added to one or both of the carbons involved in the multiple bond.
  • Examples include reactions 2, 3, and 4.

Test your knowledge on condensation reactions where molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the loss of a small molecule like water, and saponification reactions where fats are converted into soap and alcohol. Examples and mechanisms are covered in this quiz.