Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Regulators, and Cancer Quiz

What are the three major checkpoints in the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2

What is the main difference between diploid and haploid cells?

The number of sets of chromosomes they have

How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

Meiosis involves only one division

Why are positive and negative regulators important in the cell cycle?

They influence the direction of cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the genome?

It provides instructions for cell growth and function Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are typically found in a human cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitosis essential for life on Earth?

To enable growth, repair, and replacement of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is responsible for storing energy?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Carry genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between DNA and RNA based on their structure.

DNA uses thymine, while RNA uses uracil Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Why are hydrogen bonds crucial for the structure of biological molecules?

Hydrogen bonds contribute to the three-dimensional shape and stability of macromolecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins and how do they form macromolecules?

Amino acids; they bond through peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids vital for survival?

They provide energy for cellular activities and metabolic processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipids in organisms?

Store energy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for holding together the monomers of nucleic acids?

Covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

Why are amino acids considered essential for survival?

To build and repair structures Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information in organisms?

Nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Facilitated diffusion is a passive process while active transport requires energy. Signup and view all the answers

Why are endocytosis and exocytosis important mechanisms for transport across cell membranes?

They enable the cell to take in or release large molecules that cannot pass through the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How do homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids?

Homologous chromosomes are identical copies inherited from both parents whereas sister chromatids are exact copies of a single chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitosis in cell life cycles?

Mitosis helps maintain a constant chromosome number in daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers