29 Questions
What is the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
Photosynthesis
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium?
Mitochondria
What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Degrading proteins and membranes in the cell and materials ingested by the cell
What is the function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesizing proteins
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for energy production through metabolism?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Controls catalytic activity at ribosomes and protects DNA
What is the main method of reproduction for viruses?
Reproduction occurs by invading a living host cell
Which organelle is known as the 'Gatekeeper' of the cell?
Cell membrane
What is the function of the Golgi complex in a cell?
Package & sort
Which organelle is responsible for making food in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the role of the ER in a cell?
Transport network (smooth vs. rough)
What are the two types of reproduction mentioned in the text?
Sexual and asexual using spores
What are the key organelles found within eukaryotic cells?
Bacteria, fungi, algae, yeasts
What is the main energy source for Algae?
Light
What type of cells are Protozoa?
Unicellular
How do Protozoa obtain energy?
Feed on bacteria or yeasts, and fungal spores
What is the main characteristic of Viruses?
Obligate parasites of other cells
What type of extreme environment do thermohalophiles thrive in?
High salinity lakes, thermal hot springs, deep within Earth’s crust
What are the characteristics of eukaryotes?
Multicellular organisms consist of cells with varied functions. Unicellular organisms have cells with the same range of functions.
What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
Covered by cell wall; thin in animal cells and thick in plant cells
Describe the composition of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Semi-fluid
What is the function of microfilaments and microtubules in eukaryotic cells?
Suspend organelles, give shape, and allow motion
Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes based on the presence of a nucleus membrane.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus membrane, while eukaryotes have one.
What is the function of flagella in bacteria?
Allows bacterial cell to attach to substrate.
How are bacteria categorized based on their oxygen requirement?
Aerobic (require oxygen) and Anaerobic (does not require oxygen).
What role do mitochondria and chloroplasts play in eukaryotic cells?
Energy generation.
What is the purpose of the recombinant DNA method?
To exploit bacteria.
Give an example of a bacterium commonly used in biotechnology.
E-coli bacterium.
What are the three shapes of bacteria cells mentioned in the text?
Rod, Spheres, Spirals.
Test your knowledge on bacterial cell structures, functions, and their roles in biotechnology. Learn about flagella, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and the use of bacteria in recombinant DNA technology. Explore how eukaryotes enslave bacteria for energy generation and as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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