High Temperature Impact on Bacterial Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to bacterial proteins at high temperatures (>90°C)?

  • They replicate
  • They become more stable
  • They denature (correct)
  • They break down

    • What occurs to nucleic acids in high temperatures (>90°C)?

  • They denature
  • They become more resistant
  • They are destroyed (correct)
  • They replicate faster

    • What happens to cellular membranes at temperatures above 90°C?

  • They denature
  • They replicate
  • They become more flexible
  • They are destroyed (correct)

    • What happens to nucleic acids in high temperatures (>90°C)?

    <p>Destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed at low temperatures (0-7°C) in terms of microbial metabolic rate?

    <p>Reduction of microbial metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the reduction of microbial metabolic rate at low temperatures?

    <p>Microstatic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microbes are exceptions to the microstatic effect at low temperatures?

    <p>Psychrotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of slow freezing (-20°C) on the cellular and molecular structure of bacteria and fungi?

    <p>It disrupts the structure due to ice crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of quick freezing (-70°C) on microbes?

    <p>Microbes become dormant but are not killed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the disruption of microbial and fungal structure during slow freezing?

    <p>Formation of ice crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when water ionizes due to ionizing radiation?

    <p>Highly reactive hydroxyl radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do highly reactive hydroxyl radicals formed from water ionization primarily react with?

    <p>Organic cellular components, especially DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation leads to water ionization and the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which non-ionizing radiation damages bacterial DNA?

    <p>Causing bonds between adjacent pyrimidine bases (thymine dimers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific effect of non-ionizing radiation on DNA replication?

    <p>Inhibited DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is categorized as non-ionizing?

    <p>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does desiccation have on bacterial growth and reproduction?

    <p>Slows down bacterial growth and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high pressure affect proteins and carbohydrates in bacteria?

    <p>Alters proteins and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor alters bacterial growth by slowing down microbial activity?

    <p>Osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins and carbohydrates at high pressure?

    <p>They are altered, leading to rapid inactivation of vegetative cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At low temperatures (0-7°C), what happens to microbial metabolic rate?

    <p>It reduces, slowing down microbial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high temperatures (>90°C) on nucleic acids?

    <p>They are altered, leading to rapid inactivation of vegetative cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins and carbohydrates when exposed to high pressure?

    <p>They are altered, leading to rapid inactivation of vegetative cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of high pressure on vegetative cells?

    <p>Rapid inactivation due to alteration of proteins and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins and carbohydrates react to low pressure conditions?

    <p>They are altered, leading to rapid inactivation of vegetative cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the process of sanitation?

    <p>Reducing microbial contamination on inanimate objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process specifically targets the prevention of contact with microorganisms?

    <p>Asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the process of antisepsis?

    <p>Removing microorganisms from skin, mucous membranes, and wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between disinfection and the action of disinfectants?

    <p>Disinfection reduces or eliminates all pathogenic microorganisms except spores, while disinfectants kill vegetative forms of microorganisms but do not eliminate bacterial and fungal spores or non-lipid viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of disinfectants in terms of microorganisms they can eliminate?

    <p>They do not eliminate bacterial and fungal spores, and non-lipid viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose are disinfectants commonly used?

    <p>Disinfection of articles such as medical instruments, bed-clothes, air, hands, and excrements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sterile' indicate?

    <p>Complete freedom from all microorganisms and their spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of sterilization?

    <p>To make an article free of all microorganisms, including spores, viruses, and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of sterilization intended to achieve?

    <p>Complete freedom from all microorganisms and their spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe complete freedom from all microorganisms and their spores?

    <p>Sterile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the process of sterilization?

    <p>To eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, viruses, and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific impact of sterilization on microorganisms?

    <p>Kills or inactivates them, including spores, viruses, and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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