32 Questions
What is the anatomical division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
Which nerve controls the muscles of the eye?
Oculomotor nerve III
Which nerve contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers in the body?
Vagus nerve X
Which part of the nervous system conducts impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
Where do the sensory (Afferent) nerves enter the spinal cord from?
Dorsal horn
What is the structural (anatomical) unit of the nervous system?
Neuron (nerve cell)
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
Reflex arc
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions?
Parasympathetic
Where are the site of relay of preganglionic sympathetic fibers ONLY?
Lateral ganglia
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is active during stress and emergency situations?
Sympathetic
Which receptor is found in parietal cells of the stomach?
M1
Which receptors are blocked by atropine?
M1, M2, M3
What is the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system in the cardiovascular system?
Increases heart rate
Which part of the autonomic nervous system has a wider distribution?
Sympathetic
What is the primary function of autonomic ganglia?
Acts as a distributing center with many postganglionic fibers
What structures are found in the thoracolumbar outflow?
All thoracic segments & Upper three lumbar segments (L1, L2, L3)
Which nerve controls the parotid glands?
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Where do sensory (Afferent) nerves enter the spinal cord from?
Dorsal horn
Which part of the nervous system contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers in the body?
Vagus nerve X
What is the anatomical unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Which division of the autonomic nervous system influences almost every organ below the neck?
Parasympathetic division
Where are the cell bodies of Autonomic Motor (Efferent) nerves located?
Lateral horn
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions?
Parasympathetic
Where do collateral ganglia serve as the site of relay?
Preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
Which receptors are blocked by atropine?
Musarinic (M1)
What is the primary function of autonomic ganglia?
Distributing center for preganglionic fibers
Where are the site of relay of preganglionic sympathetic fibers ONLY?
Lateral ganglia (Sympathetic chain)
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a wider distribution?
Sympathetic
Where do post-ganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division originate from?
Middle three sacral segments (S2, S3, S4)
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is active during stress and emergency situations?
Sympathetic division
Which organs undergo constriction due to stimulation by the sympathetic division in the cardiovascular system?
Bronchial tubes
What is the main function of the parasympathetic division in the cardiovascular system?
Decreases heart rate and no effect on contraction
Study Notes
- The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS: brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS: cranial nerves and spinal nerves).
- The PNS includes motor nerves (oculomotor III, facial VII, and glossopharyngeal IX) and sensory and motor nerves.
- The CNS includes motor nerves (oculomotor III) that control muscles of the eye, and mixed nerves (facial VII and glossopharyngeal IX) that control facial muscles and salivary glands, except the parotid gland.
- The vagus nerve X, the longest cranial nerve, is the most important nerve in the PNS and contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers.
- The reflex arc consists of stimulus, receptor, afferent, center, efferent, and response.
- The nervous system is divided into the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS).
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a wide distribution and is split into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
- ANS ganglia act as distributing centers and are sites of drug action.
- ANS fibers are pre-ganglionic (short) and post-ganglionic (long) and are active during stress, muscular exercise, and rest and relaxation.
- ANS is involved in catabolic (energy-consuming) and anabolic (energy-preserving) reactions and influences various organs.
- The sympathetic division of the ANS decreases heart rate, increases heart rate and coronary blood vessel dilation, and constricts bronchial tubes.
- The parasympathetic division of the ANS stimulates bronchial secretion and causes bronchial tubes to dilate (relaxation β2) and inhibits bronchial secretion.
- The muscarinic receptors M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 are found in various organs.
- The M1 receptor is found in the parietal cells of the stomach, and the M2 receptor is found in the heart.
- The M3 receptor is found in smooth muscles, and all M receptors are blocked by atropine.
- The autonomic nervous system influences the cardiovascular system, lungs, and glands.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The reflex action is the physiological unit of the nervous system, occurring in response to a stimulus.
- The structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
- Sensory nerves (afferent) enter the spinal cord from the dorsal horn, motor nerves (efferent) have their cell bodies located in the ventral horn, and autonomic motor nerves have their cell bodies located in the lateral horn.
- The structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron, and the functional unit is the reflex action.
- The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
- The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- The nervous system consists of axons and dendrites.
- The oculomotor nerve III controls the muscles of the eye, the facial nerve VII controls facial muscles and salivary glands except the parotid gland, and the glossopharyngeal nerve IX controls the parotid glands and the vagus nerve X is the most important nerve in the PNS and contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers.
- The reflex arc is composed of stimulus, receptor, afferent, center, efferent, and response.
- The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary responses and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The muscarinic receptors M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 are found in various organs and are blocked by atropine.
- The autonomic nervous system influences various organs, including the heart, lungs, and glands.
- The nervous system is divided anatomically and functionally, and it has a wide origin and distribution.
- The autonomic nervous system ganglia act as distributing centers and are sites of drug action.
- The autonomic nervous system is active during stress, muscular exercise, and rest and relaxation.
- The autonomic nervous system is involved in catabolic and anabolic reactions.
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system decreases heart rate, increases heart rate and coronary blood vessel dilation, and constricts bronchial tubes.
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates bronchial secretion and causes bronchial tubes to dilate and inhibits bronchial secretion.
- The M1 receptor is found in the parietal cells of the stomach and the M2 receptor is found in the heart.
- The M3 receptor is found in smooth muscles and all M receptors are blocked by atropine.
- The autonomic nervous system influences the cardiovascular system, lungs, and glands.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The reflex action is the physiological unit of the nervous system, and the structural unit is the neuron.
- The nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
- The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- The nervous system consists of axons and dendrites.
- The oculomotor nerve III controls the muscles of the eye, the facial nerve VII controls facial muscles and salivary glands except the parotid gland, and the glossopharyngeal nerve IX controls the parotid glands.
- The vagus nerve X is the most important nerve in the PNS and contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers.
- The reflex arc is composed of stimulus, receptor, afferent, center, efferent, and response.
- The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary responses and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The autonomic nervous system is active during stress, muscular exercise, and rest and relaxation.
- The autonomic nervous system is involved in catabolic and anabolic reactions.
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system decreases heart rate, increases heart rate and coronary blood vessel dilation, and constricts bronchial tubes.
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates bronchial secretion and causes bronchial tubes to dilate and inhibits bronchial secretion.
- The M1 receptor is found in the parietal cells of the stomach and the M2 receptor is found in the heart.
- The M3 receptor is found in smooth muscles and all M receptors are blocked by atropine.
- The autonomic nervous system influences the cardiovascular system, lungs, and glands.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The reflex action is the physiological unit of the nervous system, and the structural unit is the neuron.
- The nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
- The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- The nervous system consists of axons and dendrites.
- The oculomotor nerve III controls the muscles of the eye, the facial nerve VII controls facial muscles and salivary glands except the parotid gland, and the glossopharyngeal nerve IX controls the parotid glands.
- The vagus nerve X is the most important nerve in the PNS and contains about 80% of all parasympathetic fibers.
- The reflex arc is composed of stimulus, receptor, afferent, center, efferent, and response.
- The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary responses and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
- The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.
- The autonomic nervous system is active during stress, muscular exercise, and rest and relaxation.
- The autonomic nervous system is involved in catabolic and anabolic reactions.
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system decreases heart rate, increases heart rate and coronary blood vessel dilation, and constricts bronchial tubes.
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Test your knowledge of the anatomical divisions and functions of the nervous system, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, axon, dendrites, and specific cranial nerves.
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