Anatomy of the Nephron and Urine Analysis

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What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

To reabsorb water

To produce urine

To secrete waste products

To filter blood (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect urine output?

Water intake

Blood pressure (correct)

Nutrient intake

Exercise

What is the purpose of urinalysis?

To measure urine production

To diagnose kidney disease

To assess hydration levels

To determine the composition of urine (correct)

What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?

1.0 - 1.3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ketones appearing in the urine?

Low carb/protein diet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term used to describe little urine production due to renal disease?

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

To regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Why are large drug molecules harder to remove from the body compared to small drugs or hormones?

Large drug molecules cannot be filtered out by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?

To increase the production of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

Through the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renin, and aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining the body's pH balance?

By filtering out excess acid and base from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of urea in the Loop of Henle?

It rids the body of nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT cells?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What happens if urine is clear?

ADH is being inhibited Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys adjust to changes in blood pressure and blood flow?

By auto-regulating and maintaining waste balance Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is also called vasopressin and works to reabsorb water?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

Micturition Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel does blood flow from as it enters the kidney?

Descending aorta Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the contraction or relaxation of juxtaglomerular cells in response to flow rate or sodium disturbances?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

Where does most water reabsorption occur in the nephron?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADH in the kidneys?

Induce aquaporin channel protein insertion Signup and view all the answers

What does systemic edema indicate?

Excessive fluid accumulation Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

Macula densa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

Produce urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aquaporin channel proteins in the kidneys?

Enhance water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What happens if too many proteins get into the urine?

Increased water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers