Anatomy of the Nephron and Urine Composition
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Questions and Answers

What is the first part of the nephron?

  • Renal tubule
  • Collecting duct
  • Bowman's capsule (correct)
  • Renal artery

    • How much filtrate is produced by the kidneys each day?

  • 100 liters
  • 200 liters (correct)
  • 50 liters
  • 20 liters

    • What is the normal range for daily urine production?

  • More than 2 liters
  • 1 to 2 liters (correct)
  • Less than 500 mL
  • 500 mL to 1 liter

    • Which of the following can affect the color of urine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of ketones in the urine indicate?

    <p>The body is using fat for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the overproduction of urine?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>To regulate calcium levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>They produce ADH, renin, and aldosterone to regulate BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?

    <p>To increase red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating the body's pH?

    <p>They help recover electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common function of the kidneys?

    <p>Regulating the body's temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for urination?

    <p>Micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

    <p>Macula densa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aquaporin channel proteins in the kidney?

    <p>Pull water back into interstitial spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for most absorption and secretion?

    <p>PCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the urge to urinate typically begin, based on volume in the bladder?

    <p>$150$ mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the male urethra?

    <p>$20$ cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if osmolarity is high in the kidneys?

    <p>Cells contract to form less urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney has many microvilli to absorb and secrete solutes?

    <p>PCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of filtration slits and fenestrated capillaries in the kidney?

    <p>Keep large objects out of nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

    <p>Reabsorb water and some sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aquaporin channels in the descending Loop of Henle?

    <p>Help reabsorb water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Urea do at the bottom of the Loop of Henle?

    <p>Excretes nitrogen waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the nephron does the exchange of Ammonia and Bicarbonate occur?

    <p>Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of Aldosterone in the nephron?

    <p>Angiotensin 2 or increased potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affect water reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Increase water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone influences calcitriol and results in higher calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Baroreceptors signaling a sympathetic response regarding urine production?

    <p>Decreased urine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

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