28 Questions
What is the first part of the nephron?
Bowman's capsule
How much filtrate is produced by the kidneys each day?
200 liters
What is the normal range for daily urine production?
1 to 2 liters
Which of the following can affect the color of urine?
All of the above
What does the presence of ketones in the urine indicate?
The body is using fat for energy
What is the term for the overproduction of urine?
Polyuria
What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?
To regulate calcium levels in the blood
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?
They produce ADH, renin, and aldosterone to regulate BP
What is the primary role of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?
To increase red blood cell production
What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating the body's pH?
They help recover electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium
Which of the following is NOT a common function of the kidneys?
Regulating the body's temperature
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Which part of the kidney regulates renin release to influence blood volume?
Macula densa
What is the function of aquaporin channel proteins in the kidney?
Pull water back into interstitial spaces
Which part of the nephron is responsible for most absorption and secretion?
PCT
At what point does the urge to urinate typically begin, based on volume in the bladder?
$150$ mL
What is the approximate length of the male urethra?
$20$ cm
What happens if osmolarity is high in the kidneys?
Cells contract to form less urine
Which part of the kidney has many microvilli to absorb and secrete solutes?
PCT
What is the role of filtration slits and fenestrated capillaries in the kidney?
Keep large objects out of nephrons
What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?
Reabsorb water and some sodium
What is the function of aquaporin channels in the descending Loop of Henle?
Help reabsorb water
What does Urea do at the bottom of the Loop of Henle?
Excretes nitrogen waste
In which part of the nephron does the exchange of Ammonia and Bicarbonate occur?
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
What stimulates the release of Aldosterone in the nephron?
Angiotensin 2 or increased potassium levels
How does Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affect water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Increase water reabsorption
Which hormone influences calcitriol and results in higher calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the impact of Baroreceptors signaling a sympathetic response regarding urine production?
Decreased urine production
Explore the structure and function of the glomerulus, the initial part of the nephron, and the factors influencing urine volume and composition. Learn about the process of urinalysis and the various factors that can affect urine color, protein levels, and odor.
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