What role does G protein play in the action of neurotransmitters at the effector cell?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the specific role that G proteins have in the signaling process of neurotransmitters interacting with effector cells. It is looking for an understanding of how G proteins facilitate or alter the action of neurotransmitters after they bind to their receptors.
Answer
G proteins signal to effector proteins, altering intracellular messengers like cAMP.
G proteins play a crucial role by transmitting signals from activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to effector proteins such as enzymes and ion channels. This leads to changes in intracellular second messengers like cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), inositol phosphates, and diacylglycerol.
Answer for screen readers
G proteins play a crucial role by transmitting signals from activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to effector proteins such as enzymes and ion channels. This leads to changes in intracellular second messengers like cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), inositol phosphates, and diacylglycerol.
More Information
G proteins act as intermediaries in signaling pathways, connecting external signals from neurotransmitters to internal cellular responses. This process is vital for numerous physiological processes, including vision, smell, and taste.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming G proteins directly produce the effects of neurotransmitters; they actually regulate the downstream effector proteins.
Sources
- Neurotransmitter Receptor - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics - sciencedirect.com
- 12. Neurotransmitter Action: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors - openbooks.lib.msu.edu
