Make notes on this information: Fill in the blanks. E.g. This politician from Canada East was the first to enter confederation (12 questions) Map - 1867 (4 colonies: Quebec, Ontari... Make notes on this information: Fill in the blanks. E.g. This politician from Canada East was the first to enter confederation (12 questions) Map - 1867 (4 colonies: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick), 1871 (Manitoba (1870), B.C. (1871)) 1869 Canada bought Ruperts Land and it is called North West Territories Colonies? P.E.I., Newfoundland, B.C. Territories: Ruperts Land (Owned by Hudson Bay Company) About the Constitution - Powers John A. Macdonald thought that stronger federal government will be able to unite the country because the Civil War was caused from different powers across states Canada became a country July 1st, 1867 History Chapter 3 :less important :more important The Events of Confederation July 1 1867 Canada was created Called the British North America Act Creating a Nation early 1860s colonies were weak and isolated, U.S. was a threat when they were not a country Needed Britain to defend, trade, prosper Most colonists wanted to retain ties with Britain The Charlottetown Conference September 1864 Maritimes conference about making a Maritime Union British Columbia and Newfoundland not invited but Canadas were John A. Macdonald and colleagues pushed out OG plans and talked about union with the Canadas Maritimes agreed and scheduled later meetings about it The Québec Conference October 1864 second conference including Newfoundland in Québec (British Columbia left out because it was too far away) Met for three weeks to discuss the rules and land Agreed on rules: 1. A federal constitution: a government for the whole country and each province. 2. Each level of government for different areas. e.g. Indian affairs were federal, education was provincial. 3. Balance of representation by population and equal representation. 4. Balance between elected and appointed representatives Missing Voices Politicians did not care about First Nations’ or black people and their concerns Politicians were men from Britain, Ireland, or France They modelled Canada after Britain and European countries Women were also ignored and had no political representation Opposition to the Québec Resolutions Peoples opinions were divided whether the Québec Resolutions were a good idea Antoine-Aimé Dorion, leader of Canada East Rouge party, thought that this would ruin French culture. Wanted a referendum: vote by the people Dorion wrote: If confederation should be adopted without the people of this province’s sanction, the entire country will sorely learn to regret it Wilfred Laurier (young lawyer) wrote: Twenty-five years ago the French nation... was more vigorous, more united, strongly French... Today it is... without strength, [and] divided... We must use all the influence we have left to obtain a free and separate government Joseph Howe, leader of the opposition to Nova Scotia’s joining confederation because Canadas were too far away and way bigger, he wrote: Did anybody ever propose to unite Scotland with Poland or Hungary? [They are] [i]nland countries [1300 km] off in the very heart of Europe Canadas (John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier) thought it as a good idea Nova Scotia (Charles Tupper) liked it but was overpowered by people who didn’t New Brunswick (Leonard Tilley) liked it and followed through Prince Edward Island (James Pope) opposition though he was using bribery and the opposition refused to join Newfoundland (Frederick Carter) defeated in election by Anti- Confederation party. The London Conference Representatives of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia go to London Agreement and Canada became a “self-governing Dominion” Canada controlled the internal things but Britain made decisions for them internationally 1982 Canada gain independence Confederation June 1, 1867 Canada had 4 provinces Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia The British North America Act, 1867 The act that made Canada independent, now called confederation act Features of Canada’s New Government The B.N.A. act made: A federal system: there would be a parliament for the whole country, plus a legislature for each province. Bilingual features: French and English would be the languages of parliament, plus the legislature of Québec. A balance of representation by population and equal representation: Parliament would have two houses. There would be representation by population in the House of Commons. In the Senate, each region (Ontario, Québec, and the Maritimes) would have the same number of seats. Two levels of government How Did the Map of Canada Change? Constitution act allowed for other provinces to join Note: John A. Macdonald devoted his life to helping Canada, the 72 resolutions were a group of statements written at the Quebec Conference of 1864 which laid out the framework for the Canadian Constitution Vocabulary Conference: A meeting for discussion of information or ideas Federal: Relating to a system that has a central government as well as provincial or state governments Indian: The historic term for First Nations people. Though we now use the term First Nations, historic documents use “Indian;” the federal government still has a Department of Indian Affairs, a name assigned at Confederation Confederation: The union of provinces and territories forming Canada Act: A piece of legislation passed by parliament House of Commons: The house of parliament that is elected by voters and is based on representation by population Senate: the house of parliament that is appointed by the prime minister and is based on equal representation for various regions Read more