How to calculate proton number, neutron number, electron number, atomic mass, and mass number? How to identify elements, compounds, and mixtures from particle diagrams? What is an... How to calculate proton number, neutron number, electron number, atomic mass, and mass number? How to identify elements, compounds, and mixtures from particle diagrams? What is an isotope and what are two ways to express it? What is an ion? What is the periodic table? What is a period in the periodic table? What is a group in the periodic table? Explain why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. What are the chemical properties of the following groups: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Metalloids, Transition Metals, Halogens, noble gases? Be able to identify the following for specific elements in the periodic table: A. Atomic number B. Atomic mass C. Chemical symbol D. Element name E. Number of protons F. Number of neutrons G. Number of electrons. Be able to explain how the periodic table is arranged. Be able to read chemical formulas and identify how many atoms there are in the formula. Read more

To solve questions related to atomic and periodic table concepts, understand atomic structure (protons, neutrons, electrons), identify elements/compounds/mixtures, explain isotopes/ions, and read chemical formulas. Use periodic table trends for element properties and identification.

Here's a breakdown of the concepts and calculations involved:

1. Calculating Proton, Neutron, and Electron Numbers:

   • Protons: The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.
   • Electrons: In a neutral atom, electrons equal protons. In ions, adjust by the ion charge.
   • Neutrons: Subtract the atomic number from the mass number (mass number = protons + neutrons).

2. Identifying Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures from Particle Diagrams:

   • Elements display only one type of atom.
   • Compounds consist of two or more different atoms bonded together.
   • Mixtures show a physical blend of different substances where the components retain individual properties.

3. Isotopes:

   • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
   • Expressed either with isotopic notation (e.g., Carbon-14 as ^14C) or mass number notation (Carbon-14).

4. Ions:

   • An ion is an atom with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

5. Periodic Table:

   • A structured chart of elements arranged by increasing atomic number.
   • Period: A horizontal row, indicating electron shell filling.
   • Group: A vertical column, elements have similar chemical properties.

6. Chemical Properties by Groups:

   • Alkali Metals: Highly reactive, especially with water.
   • Alkaline Earth Metals: Reactive, though less so than alkali metals.
   • Metalloids: Have properties of both metals and non-metals.
   • Transition Metals: Exhibit variable oxidation states, often form colored compounds.
   • Halogens: Very reactive, form salts with alkali metals.
   • Noble Gases: Inert and non-reactive under normal conditions.

7. Identifying Elements in the Periodic Table:

   • Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons.
   • Atomic Mass: Sum of protons and neutrons.
   • Chemical Symbol: Abbreviation of element's name.
   • Element Name: The name of the element.
   • Protons/Neutrons/Electrons: Use atomic number and mass.

8. Reading Chemical Formulas:

   • Identify each element symbol and count their atoms, considering subscripts and coefficients.