Definitions of the four schools of thought in psychology and key concepts.
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The question appears to be an extensive overview of various psychological theories, concepts, and important figures in psychology, possibly meant for a study aid or educational resource.
Answer
Structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, and behaviorism.
The four major schools of thought in psychology are structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, and behaviorism. Structuralism focuses on the structure of the mind, functionalism on mental processes, Gestalt psychology on perception and experience, and behaviorism on observable behavior.
Answer for screen readers
The four major schools of thought in psychology are structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, and behaviorism. Structuralism focuses on the structure of the mind, functionalism on mental processes, Gestalt psychology on perception and experience, and behaviorism on observable behavior.
More Information
Structuralism, introduced by Wilhelm Wundt, relies on introspection. Functionalism, developed by William James, focuses on the adaptive purposes of behavior. Gestalt psychology, championed by Max Wertheimer, emphasizes holistic processing. Behaviorism, promoted by John B. Watson, rejects introspection in favor of observable behavior.
Tips
Confusing structuralism with functionalism is common. Remember, structuralism analyzes mental components, while functionalism considers mental processes. Behaviorism is often mistaken for cognitive approaches.
Sources
- Schools of Psychology: Main Schools of Thought - Verywell Mind - verywellmind.com
- Schools of thought in psychology - psychologs.com
- The analysis of four major classical schools of psychology - ScienceDirect - sciencedirect.com
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