Define anatomy and physiology and discuss their relationship. Describe the levels of organization from atom to organism. Define homeostasis and its components including: variable,... Define anatomy and physiology and discuss their relationship. Describe the levels of organization from atom to organism. Define homeostasis and its components including: variable, sensor, receptor, comparator, set point, and normal range. Understand how these components interact in a feedback system. Diagram and give examples of positive and negative feedback systems. State the meaning of selected roots, prefixes, suffixes used in medical terminology. Identify the planes of reference used in anatomy including coronal (frontal), sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, oblique, longitudinal, cross-section and the view/image that sections made from these planes would provide. Describe the anatomical position and define the following terms: superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal, medial, lateral, deep, superficial, proximal, distal, cranial, caudal. Identify the major body systems and their primary functions and organs involved: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, digestive, nervous, endocrine, urinary, and reproductive systems. Identify the major body regions and cavities as well as what would be found in each. Define, describe, and give examples of: selectively (semi) permeable facilitated diffusion, diffusion, active transport, osmosis, endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis), filtration, exocytosis, isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic. Identify and review the characteristics of the following cell components: plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), cytoplasm, flagella and cilia, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria, cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules), Golgi apparatus, lysosome. Identify and describe the structure, function, and location of the 4 major types of tissue: Epithelial - cell surfaces, junctions; Connective - cells, matrix; Muscular; Nervous. Identify, describe, and understand the function of the major cell junctions of the tissues including: desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions. Identify, describe, and understand the function of the components of connective tissue: fibroblast, mast cell, macrophage, chondrocyte, osteocyte, fat cells, red and white blood cells, collagen, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, ground substance, matrix. Explain the structure and function of the mucous and serous membranes. List the functions of the integumentary system. Recognize the structure and function of the layers of thin and thick skin: Epidermis - epithelium (stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale); Dermis - connective tissue (papillary region, reticular region); Hypodermis - adipose. Identify and give the function of accessory organs within the skin: hair, sebaceous glands, apocrine sweat glands, merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands, Meissner’s corpuscle, Pacinian corpuscles, root hair plexus, free nerve endings, arrector pili muscles, Merkel discs, and nails. Describe the location and function of sebum, sweat, melanin, and keratin.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for a comprehensive overview of various concepts in anatomy and physiology, including definitions, relationships, organization levels, homeostasis, feedback systems, anatomical terminology, body systems, tissue types, cell components, and functions of the integumentary system. It requires a detailed exploration of each topic, identifying key terms and their meanings, as well as diagrams for feedback systems.
Answer
Anatomy is the study of body structures; physiology focuses on functions. They're interrelated: structure affects function.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of their function. They are interrelated because understanding structure aids in understanding function, and vice versa.
Answer for screen readers
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of their function. They are interrelated because understanding structure aids in understanding function, and vice versa.
More Information
Anatomy and physiology are foundational for medical and health sciences. Their interconnectedness shows how the body operates as a complex system.
Tips
Often, students confuse anatomy (structure) with physiology (function). Remembering their specific focus helps clarify their study areas.
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