1. How does phosphorylation control the enzyme function? 2. What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 3. Why do enzymes not work best at extreme pH... 1. How does phosphorylation control the enzyme function? 2. What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 3. Why do enzymes not work best at extreme pH? 4. How does end product inhibition affect the activity of enzymes? 5. Explain enzyme transition states in short.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about various aspects of enzyme functions, including phosphorylation, the differences between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors, the limitations of enzymes, the effects of end product inhibition, and enzyme transition states.
Answer
Phosphorylation modifies enzyme activity. Competitive inhibitors bind to active sites; non-competitive bind elsewhere. Extreme pH denatures enzymes. End product inhibition regulates via feedback. Transition states are high-energy intermediates.
- Phosphorylation adds a phosphate group to an enzyme, altering its shape and function. 2. Competitive inhibitors bind at the active site; non-competitive bind elsewhere, changing enzyme shape. 3. Extreme pH denatures enzymes, disrupting structure and function. 4. End product inhibition reduces enzyme activity by binding the final product to an allosteric site. 5. The transition state is a high-energy, unstable state during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction where substrates are converted to products.
Answer for screen readers
- Phosphorylation adds a phosphate group to an enzyme, altering its shape and function. 2. Competitive inhibitors bind at the active site; non-competitive bind elsewhere, changing enzyme shape. 3. Extreme pH denatures enzymes, disrupting structure and function. 4. End product inhibition reduces enzyme activity by binding the final product to an allosteric site. 5. The transition state is a high-energy, unstable state during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction where substrates are converted to products.
More Information
Phosphorylation is crucial in cellular signaling pathways and can greatly alter enzyme behavior, either activating or repressing their function. Non-competitive inhibitors are often allosteric inhibitors, providing a sophisticated level of regulation in metabolic pathways. Enzyme transition states are pivotal in the catalytic process and are often the target of drug development.
Tips
Assuming pH has a uniform effect on all enzymes can lead to mistakes; enzyme specificity is key.
Sources
- Enzyme regulation (article) | Khan Academy - khanacademy.org
- 4.4.1: Energy, Matter, and Enzymes - Biology LibreTexts - bio.libretexts.org
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