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Wide area networks share a few characteristics with local area networks.
Wide area networks share a few characteristics with local area networks.
True
WANs can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
WANs can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
True
Many of the same technologies and communications protocols found in local area networks are used to create metropolitan area networks.
Many of the same technologies and communications protocols found in local area networks are used to create metropolitan area networks.
True
LANs cover much greater distances than MANs do.
LANs cover much greater distances than MANs do.
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A WAN's infrastructure consists of a collection of nodes and interconnecting telecommunications links.
A WAN's infrastructure consists of a collection of nodes and interconnecting telecommunications links.
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MANs cannot be used to support high-speed disaster recovery systems and real-time transaction backup systems.
MANs cannot be used to support high-speed disaster recovery systems and real-time transaction backup systems.
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Because there are so many devices in a WAN, and they are spread over large distances, using a LAN-type connection is not feasible.
Because there are so many devices in a WAN, and they are spread over large distances, using a LAN-type connection is not feasible.
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WANs require specialized technology designed to manage traffic across a wide variety of devices and connection types.
WANs require specialized technology designed to manage traffic across a wide variety of devices and connection types.
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In frequency division multiplexing, the combined signals are always digital.
In frequency division multiplexing, the combined signals are always digital.
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Time-division multiplexing (TDM) allows only one user at a time to transmit.
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) allows only one user at a time to transmit.
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WDM supports multiple lambdas.
WDM supports multiple lambdas.
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Both frequency division multiplexing and synchronous time division multiplexing avoid waste of unused transmission space.
Both frequency division multiplexing and synchronous time division multiplexing avoid waste of unused transmission space.
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Code division multiplexing is based upon a class of modulation techniques known as spread spectrum technology.
Code division multiplexing is based upon a class of modulation techniques known as spread spectrum technology.
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The big advantage of frequency division multiplexing over synchronous TDM is the lower noise due to the use of digital signals during transmission.
The big advantage of frequency division multiplexing over synchronous TDM is the lower noise due to the use of digital signals during transmission.
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Synchronous time-division multiplexing does not require as high-speed a line as statistical time-division multiplexing does.
Synchronous time-division multiplexing does not require as high-speed a line as statistical time-division multiplexing does.
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CDM technology falls into two categories: frequency hopping and direct sequence.
CDM technology falls into two categories: frequency hopping and direct sequence.
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The Lempel-Ziv algorithm can be fairly effective in compressing data.
The Lempel-Ziv algorithm can be fairly effective in compressing data.
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The basic way to perform compression is to look for some common pattern in the data and replace each data pattern with a symbol or symbols that will consume less space during transmission or storage.
The basic way to perform compression is to look for some common pattern in the data and replace each data pattern with a symbol or symbols that will consume less space during transmission or storage.
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The JPEG encoder produces a data stream that has a much faster data rate than that of conventional CD-quality music.
The JPEG encoder produces a data stream that has a much faster data rate than that of conventional CD-quality music.
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A video device displays multiple (typically 30) frames per second.
A video device displays multiple (typically 30) frames per second.
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Study Notes
Wide Area Networks
- Wide area networks (WANs) share some characteristics with local area networks (LANs).
- WANs cover large geographic distances, potentially the entire Earth.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) use many of the same technologies and protocols as local area networks.
- LANs do not cover as large distances as WANs.
- WAN infrastructure is a collection of interconnected nodes and telecommunication links.
- MANs can support high-speed disaster recovery and real-time transaction backup systems.
- Using a LAN-type connection within a WAN is not practical due to the large number of devices and distances.
- WANs require specialized technology to handle diverse devices and connections.
Multiplexing
- Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) combines signals but keeps them analog.
- Time-division multiplexing (TDM) alternates signal transmission by time slots.
- Statistical time-division multiplexing (Stat TDM) is more efficient than synchronous TDM, as it only uses slots when needed.
- Code-division multiplexing uses spread spectrum technology, and is based on a type of modulation technique.
- Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmits multiple signals via different wavelengths of light over a single fiber.
- Frequency hopping and direct sequence are two categories of code-division multiplexing (CDM) technology.
Data Compression
- Lossless compression reduces data size without losing any information.
- Lossy compression reduces data size by removing some data, resulting in a trade-off.
- Lempel-Ziv is a compression technique.
- MP3 and MPEG formats are common for compressing audio and video, respectively.
Routing
- Distance-vector routing protocols monitor links and hops.
- Dijkstra's algorithm is a method for determining the least-cost path through a network.
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP) can only have 15 hops between routers before it stops.
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is used to span multiple autonomous systems, and does not work with a network limit on hops.
- The administrative distance (AD) determines the priority of routing protocols.
Network Topologies
- Mesh topology: each node is connected to several other nodes, preventing failures in one connection.
- Star topology: one central node connects to many individual nodes.
- Bus topology: data travels along a central cable.
- Ring topology: data moves around a closed loop of connected nodes.
Additional Concepts
- Cable television uses frequency-division multiplexing.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to wide area networks (WANs) and multiplexing techniques. Learn about the differences between WANs, local area networks (LANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs), as well as various multiplexing methods such as frequency-division and time-division multiplexing. Test your understanding of these essential networking principles.
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