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Wide area networks share a few characteristics with local area networks.
Wide area networks share a few characteristics with local area networks.
True
WANs can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
WANs can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
True
Many of the same technologies and communications protocols found in local area networks are used to create metropolitan area networks.
Many of the same technologies and communications protocols found in local area networks are used to create metropolitan area networks.
True
LANs cover much greater distances than MANs do.
LANs cover much greater distances than MANs do.
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A WAN's infrastructure consists of a collection of nodes and interconnecting telecommunications links.
A WAN's infrastructure consists of a collection of nodes and interconnecting telecommunications links.
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MANs cannot be used to support high-speed disaster recovery systems and real-time transaction backup systems.
MANs cannot be used to support high-speed disaster recovery systems and real-time transaction backup systems.
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Because there are so many devices in a WAN, and they are spread over large distances, using a LAN-type connection is not feasible.
Because there are so many devices in a WAN, and they are spread over large distances, using a LAN-type connection is not feasible.
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WANs require specialized technology designed to manage traffic across a wide variety of devices and connection types.
WANs require specialized technology designed to manage traffic across a wide variety of devices and connection types.
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In frequency division multiplexing, the combined signals are always digital.
In frequency division multiplexing, the combined signals are always digital.
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Time-division multiplexing (TDM) allows only one user at a time to transmit.
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) allows only one user at a time to transmit.
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WDM supports multiple lambdas.
WDM supports multiple lambdas.
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Both frequency division multiplexing and synchronous time division multiplexing avoid waste of unused transmission space.
Both frequency division multiplexing and synchronous time division multiplexing avoid waste of unused transmission space.
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Code division multiplexing is based upon a class of modulation techniques known as spread spectrum technology.
Code division multiplexing is based upon a class of modulation techniques known as spread spectrum technology.
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The big advantage of frequency division multiplexing over synchronous TDM is the lower noise due to the use of digital signals during transmission.
The big advantage of frequency division multiplexing over synchronous TDM is the lower noise due to the use of digital signals during transmission.
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Synchronous time-division multiplexing does not require as high-speed a line as statistical time-division multiplexing does.
Synchronous time-division multiplexing does not require as high-speed a line as statistical time-division multiplexing does.
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CDM technology falls into two categories: frequency hopping and direct sequence.
CDM technology falls into two categories: frequency hopping and direct sequence.
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The Lempel-Ziv algorithm can be fairly effective in compressing data.
The Lempel-Ziv algorithm can be fairly effective in compressing data.
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The basic way to perform compression is to look for some common pattern in the data and replace each data pattern with a symbol or symbols that will consume less space during transmission or storage.
The basic way to perform compression is to look for some common pattern in the data and replace each data pattern with a symbol or symbols that will consume less space during transmission or storage.
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The JPEG encoder produces a data stream that has a much faster data rate than that of conventional CD-quality music.
The JPEG encoder produces a data stream that has a much faster data rate than that of conventional CD-quality music.
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A video device displays multiple (typically 30) frames per second.
A video device displays multiple (typically 30) frames per second.
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Most wide area networks use some form of Dijkstra's algorithm to determine a least-cost route through a network.
Most wide area networks use some form of Dijkstra's algorithm to determine a least-cost route through a network.
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Bellman-Ford algorithm, the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, and Johnson's algorithm are alternatives to Dijkstra's least-cost routing algorithm.
Bellman-Ford algorithm, the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, and Johnson's algorithm are alternatives to Dijkstra's least-cost routing algorithm.
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One advantage of dynamic routing is that it never adds to network congestion.
One advantage of dynamic routing is that it never adds to network congestion.
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Using a distance-vector protocol, a router monitors each link and the number of hops from that link to network destinations.
Using a distance-vector protocol, a router monitors each link and the number of hops from that link to network destinations.
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A network administrator assigns each routing protocol an AD (administrative distance); the higher the values are, the higher will be the priority.
A network administrator assigns each routing protocol an AD (administrative distance); the higher the values are, the higher will be the priority.
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The first routing algorithm used within the Internet was called a distance vector routing algorithm.
The first routing algorithm used within the Internet was called a distance vector routing algorithm.
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Routing Information Protocol is a link-state protocol.
Routing Information Protocol is a link-state protocol.
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Cisco's EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol.
Cisco's EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol.
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RIP delivers a very small convergence time.
RIP delivers a very small convergence time.
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Like RIP, OSPF has hop limits, but it calculates more efficiently the best paths than RIP.
Like RIP, OSPF has hop limits, but it calculates more efficiently the best paths than RIP.
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IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) is a distance-vector protocol.
IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) is a distance-vector protocol.
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A ____ area network is typically confined to a single building or a couple floors within one building.
A ____ area network is typically confined to a single building or a couple floors within one building.
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A network that expands beyond a metropolitan area is a ____ area network.
A network that expands beyond a metropolitan area is a ____ area network.
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____ area networks can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
____ area networks can cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
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MANs are almost exclusively ____ networks, and thus capable of supporting data rates into the tens of millions and hundreds of millions of bits per second.
MANs are almost exclusively ____ networks, and thus capable of supporting data rates into the tens of millions and hundreds of millions of bits per second.
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____ is the assignment of nonoverlapping frequency ranges to each "user” of a medium.
____ is the assignment of nonoverlapping frequency ranges to each "user” of a medium.
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____ is the only routing protocol used across the open Internet and can span multiple autonomous systems.
____ is the only routing protocol used across the open Internet and can span multiple autonomous systems.
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____ is the underlying technology behind applications such as GIF, PKZIP, WinZip, gzip, UNIX's compress utility, and Microsoft's compressed folders.
____ is the underlying technology behind applications such as GIF, PKZIP, WinZip, gzip, UNIX's compress utility, and Microsoft's compressed folders.
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A network that expands into a metropolitan area and exhibits high data rates, high reliability, and low data loss is called a(n) ____.
A network that expands into a metropolitan area and exhibits high data rates, high reliability, and low data loss is called a(n) ____.
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The technique of transmitting multiple signals over a single medium is ____.
The technique of transmitting multiple signals over a single medium is ____.
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A(n) ____ is an assigned set of frequencies that is used to transmit the user's signal.
A(n) ____ is an assigned set of frequencies that is used to transmit the user's signal.
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In general, the device that accepts input from one or more users and transmits all these signals through a medium is called the ____.
In general, the device that accepts input from one or more users and transmits all these signals through a medium is called the ____.
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Unlike OSPF, IS-IS can adapt to IPv6.
Unlike OSPF, IS-IS can adapt to IPv6.
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The ____ protocol has a limit of 15 hops between routers.
The ____ protocol has a limit of 15 hops between routers.
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Within OSPF, the ____ link connects exactly two routers.
Within OSPF, the ____ link connects exactly two routers.
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Path-vector routing protocol communicates via ____-specific messages.
Path-vector routing protocol communicates via ____-specific messages.
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Cable television is still one of the more commonly found applications of ____ multiplex technique.
Cable television is still one of the more commonly found applications of ____ multiplex technique.
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In the context of multiplexing, ____ is sometimes used to send the same signal across multiple antennas.
In the context of multiplexing, ____ is sometimes used to send the same signal across multiple antennas.
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When used by 3G phone networks, the code division multiplexing is called ____.
When used by 3G phone networks, the code division multiplexing is called ____.
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When routing tables adapt to network changes, the routing system is called ____.
When routing tables adapt to network changes, the routing system is called ____.
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With ____ routing, routing tables are created once, typically when the network is installed, and then never updated again.
With ____ routing, routing tables are created once, typically when the network is installed, and then never updated again.
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When something on the network changes, such as a failure or a configuration change, routers must identify the change and adjust their routes, the time it takes for this to happen is called ____ time.
When something on the network changes, such as a failure or a configuration change, routers must identify the change and adjust their routes, the time it takes for this to happen is called ____ time.
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RIP has a 15 hops limit, and for its newer version (RIPv2), the hops limit is ____.
RIP has a 15 hops limit, and for its newer version (RIPv2), the hops limit is ____.
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RIP has a ____ hops limit, unlike OSPF.
RIP has a ____ hops limit, unlike OSPF.
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____ replaces any repetitions of the same bit or byte that occur in a sequence of data with a single occurrence of the bit/byte and a run count, or simply with a run count.
____ replaces any repetitions of the same bit or byte that occur in a sequence of data with a single occurrence of the bit/byte and a run count, or simply with a run count.
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A technique that can be used to compress data when a ____ compression is necessary is the Lempel-Ziv technique.
A technique that can be used to compress data when a ____ compression is necessary is the Lempel-Ziv technique.
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____ is a common form of audio compression.
____ is a common form of audio compression.
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____ is a technique that is very commonly used to compress video images.
____ is a technique that is very commonly used to compress video images.
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MPEG-1 and MPEG-2—or simply MPEG—are common examples of ____ compression.
MPEG-1 and MPEG-2—or simply MPEG—are common examples of ____ compression.
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A classic algorithm that calculates a least-cost path through a network is ____ algorithm.
A classic algorithm that calculates a least-cost path through a network is ____ algorithm.
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Study Notes
Wide Area Networks
- Wide area networks (WANs) share some characteristics with local area networks (LANs)
- WANs cover large geographic distances, including the entire Earth.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) use similar technologies and protocols as LANs
- LANs cover smaller distances than MANs
- WAN infrastructure consists of interconnected nodes and telecommunications links
- MANs can support high-speed disaster recovery and real-time transaction backup systems
- LAN-type connections aren't feasible for the large number of devices and distances in WANs
- WANs need specialized technology to manage diverse devices and connections
Multiplexing Techniques
- Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) combines signals without losing the original signals.
- FDM uses different frequencies to transmit concurrent data, causing some waste
- Time division multiplexing (TDM) transmits signals in separate time slots.
- TDM avoids signal interference by transmitting data in specified time frames
- Code division multiplexing (CDM) uses spread spectrum technology, making more efficient use of the frequency spectrum
- Statistical time-division multiplexing (Stat TDM) dynamically allocates time slots based on data availability, maximizing efficiency
- Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmits different signals simultaneously using different wavelengths of light; often used in fiber optic networks
- Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) is a more advanced WDM variation suitable for a larger number of data streams over longer distances
- Coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) uses a smaller number of light wavelengths and is best for shorter distances
Compression Techniques
- Lossless data compression techniques preserve data completely
- Lossy data compression techniques reduce data size by discarding less important data
Routing Protocols
- Network routing protocols are dynamic in the sense that they find the most affordable or most appropriate route when data needs to be transferred
- Distance vector protocols monitor the links and number of hops
- Routing protocols determine the most efficient and less cost route or path within a network using a specified algorithm
- Routing protocols are essential in WANs because they ensure data travels efficiently across large networks with multiple nodes and links.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Wide Area Networks (WANs) and the multiplexing techniques used in data transmission. You will learn about the characteristics of WANs, how they compare to Local Area Networks (LANs) and Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), as well as various multiplexing methods like Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Test your knowledge on these essential networking concepts.
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