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Questions and Answers
What are the two main categories of white blood cells?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes.
Name the types of Granulocytes and their primary function.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils; they primarily fight infections and inflammatory responses.
Describe the role of NK cells in the immune system.
NK cells provide immunological surveillance and attack infected cells and tumors non-specifically.
What is the function of B Lymphocytes in the immune response?
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Differentiate between the two types of Adaptive Immunity.
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List the classes of T Lymphocytes and their specific roles.
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What are the primary components of Innate Immunity?
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What role do white blood cells play in the inflammatory response?
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What distinguishes non-specific immunity from specific immunity?
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How does the immune system recognize foreign antigens?
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Study Notes
White Blood Cells
- White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system
- There are two main types: granulocytes and agranulocytes
- Granulocytes contain granules within their cytoplasm
- Agranulocytes do not contain granules in their cytoplasm
- There are approximately 5,000 to 9,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood
Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes are a type of agranulocyte with a large nucleus and little cytoplasm
- There are three main types: NK cells, B cells, and T cells
NK Cells
- NK cells provide immunological surveillance, detecting and destroying cells that display signs of infection or abnormality
- They are non-specific in their target recognition and can kill a variety of targets, including virus-infected cells, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells
B Cells
- B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies
- Antibodies bind to antigens, marking them for destruction by the immune system
- This process is known as opsonization
T Cells
- T cells are a diverse population with several subtypes, each with a specialized function
- T helper cells (TH cells) are responsible for coordinating the immune response
- T cytotoxic cells (TC cells) directly kill infected or abnormal cells
- T suppressor cells (TS cells), also known as regulatory cells, regulate the immune response to prevent excessive or inappropriate activation
The Immune System
- The immune system protects the body from pathogens
- It recognizes "self" antigens and distinguishes them from "foreign" or non-self antigens
- The immune system initiates a complex series of steps to neutralize foreign antigens
- There are two basic types of immunity: nonspecific (innate) and specific (adaptive)
Nonspecific (Innate) Immunity
- Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infection
- It is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens
- Innate immunity includes physical barriers, chemical defenses, and cellular components like phagocytes
Specific (Adaptive) Immunity
- Adaptive immunity is the body's second line of defense
- It is specific, targeting specific pathogens
- Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes and the production of antibodies to target specific antigens
- It is acquired through exposure to pathogens or vaccination
- There are two types: acquired active and acquired passive immunity
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Description
Test your knowledge on white blood cells, their types, and functions in the immune system. This quiz covers granulocytes, agranulocytes, and the specific roles of lymphocytes including NK cells and B cells. Understand how these cells work together to protect the body against infections.
