Wellness Wheel and Health Perspectives

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the pulmonary vein in the circulatory system?

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the lungs.

Transfers deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.

Transfers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. (correct)

Which of the following practices is considered part of complementary medicine?

Surgery

Acupuncture (correct)

Radiation therapy

Antibiotics

According to the wellness wheel, which of the following categories is considered part of the third circle?

Community

Respect (correct)

Physical

Land

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of platelets?

Blood clotting. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between alternative and complementary medicine?

Complementary medicine is used alongside standard medical care, while alternative medicine replaces it. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a traditional medicine practice?

Herbalism (D) Signup and view all the answers

The bicuspid valve is located between which two chambers of the heart?

Left atrium and left ventricle (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the joint is responsible for lubricating the joint to facilitate smoother movement?

Cavity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT correctly matched with its function in the brain?

Occipital lobe - motor movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of flexion?

Bending your knee (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain acts as a relay center for incoming sensory and motor information?

Thalamus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in a joint?

To hold bones together and keep them in place (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

Vitamins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HDL cholesterol?

To carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?

Maintaining balance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the liver?

Filter blood before passing it to the rest of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movements?

Skeletal muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is exemplified by the elbow joint?

Hinge joint (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing fluids and salts?

Appendix (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fiber contracts quickly and is used for power performance activities?

Fast twitch fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is described as being longer than it is wide?

Long bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What muscle group is located at the back of the thigh?

Hamstrings (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of flat bones in the human body?

Offer protection and support for muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult at rest?

60-100 bpm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is most suitable for examining soft tissues without radiation exposure?

MRI (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of an incorrect diagnosis?

It can lead to emotional strain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for body temperature in adults?

36-37 degrees (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ultrasound imaging?

Provides high-resolution images (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the semi-prone position used for in treating shock?

To maintain circulation and breathing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using CT scans for medical imaging?

Radiation exposure (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the CPR abbreviation 'WARTS' relate to treating for shock?

Provides a checklist for treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wellness Wheel

The wellness wheel encompasses environmental, social, cultural, economic, community, nations, land, family, respect, wisdom, relationships, responsibilities, physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of being human.

FN Perspective

The center circle represents individual human beings.
The second circle highlights the importance of mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being.
The third circle represents core values supporting wellness, respect, wisdom, responsibility, and relationships.
The fourth circle encompasses land, community, family, and nations.

Health Perspectives

Western Medicine: Medical professionals treat symptoms using drugs, radiation, and surgery. It relies on evidence-based methods.
Indigenous Health Practices: These beliefs, approaches, and knowledge incorporate First Nations healing and wellness, including ceremonies, plants, and animals.
Complementary Medicine: This includes medical products and practices outside standard medical care, like massage and acupuncture.

Traditional Medicine

Traditional medicine includes aspects of traditional knowledge developed over generations, such as the use of tobacco and sage.

Alternative Medicine

Alternative medicine aims for healing despite lacking scientific evidence. Examples include herbalism and homeopathy.

Heart Structure

Semilunar valves allow blood to flow into arteries from ventricles.
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs.
The aorta delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body.
The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.
The atria receive incoming blood.
Bicuspid valves prevent backward blood flow.
Ventricles collect and expel blood to the body and lungs.
Septum separates blood flow.
Tricuspid valve prevents blood flow reversal.
Vena cava carries oxygen-poor blood.

Responsibilities of Vessels and Blood

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and deliver it to body parts.
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
Capillaries connect arteries and veins, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells.
Red and white blood cells carry oxygen and defend against microbes.
Platelets facilitate blood clotting.
Plasma distributes water in the blood.

Measuring Heart Rate

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per minute.
Count beats per minute at the wrist, throat, or knee.

Parts of Digestive System

The liver filters blood before sending it to the rest of the body.
The gallbladder stores bile for fat digestion.
The large intestine turns waste into stool.
The appendix absorbs fluids and salts.
The esophagus carries food to the stomach.
The stomach digests food.
The pancreas aids digestion and regulates blood sugar.
The small intestine absorbs nutrients and water.
The rectum collects and holds feces.

Muscle Types and Groups

Voluntary muscles (e.g., throwing a ball)
Involuntary muscles (e.g., stomach)
Cardiac muscles (e.g., heart)
Slow twitch fibers for everyday actions
Fast twitch fibers for short bursts of power
Major muscle groups include quadriceps, hamstrings, triceps, and biceps

Parts of Long Bones

Epiphysis, epiphyseal line, cartilage, cancellous (spongy) bone, medullary cavity, periosteum, diaphysis, compact bone, and cortex are parts of a long bone.

Types of Bones

Long bones (e.g., radius) provide strength and mobility.
Short bones (e.g., carpals) provide strength and limited movement.
Flat bones (e.g., cranium) protect and provide attachment points.
Irregular bones (e.g., sacrum) have complex shapes and specialized functions.

Sections of Vertebral Column

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal are vertebral column sections.

Types of Joints

Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., hip) allow wide movement.
Hinge joints (e.g., elbow) allow back-and-forth movement.
Pivot joints (e.g., between radius and ulna) permit rotation.
Saddle joints (e.g., thumb) allow multiple directional movement.
Condyloid joints (e.g., ankles) allow various movements.
Gliding joints (e.g., vertebra) allow limited sliding movements.

Parts of Joints

The capsule encloses and protects joints.
Synovial membrane produces lubricating fluid for smooth movement.
The joint cavity contains synovial fluid.
Cartilage protects bones and reduces friction.
Ligaments connect bones to each other, providing stability.

Types of Movement

Flexion vs. extension (bending vs. straightening).
Dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion (foot movement).
Abduction vs. adduction (movement away from vs. towards the midline).
Supination vs. pronation (rotation of the forearm).

Brain Anatomy and Responsibilities

Frontal lobe: decision-making, problem-solving, thought, and attention.
Parietal lobe: managing taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell.
Temporal lobe: understanding language, processing emotions, and retrieval of memories.
Occipital Lobe: visual processing.
Thalamus: relay station for incoming sensory and motor information.
Hypothalamus: controls body's balance and hormone functions.
Midbrain: sensory and motor movement.
Pons: sleep-wake cycles and breathing.
Medulla oblongata : vital function control.
Cerebellum: voluntary movement, balance, and posture.

Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients

Macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates, proteins) are needed in large quantities for energy and bodily functions.
Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are needed in smaller amounts for various biochemical processes.

LDL vs HDL Cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can build up in arteries, leading to plaque formation (atherosclerosis).
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol removes excess cholesterol from the arteries.

Vital Signs

Pulse: rhythmic heartbeat (60-100 bpm).
Respiration: breathing (12-20 breaths per minute).
Temperature: normal body temperature of 36-37 degrees.
Blood pressure: force of blood against artery walls (120/80).
Pain: subjective discomfort (1-10 scale)

Treating Shock

Treat shock with warmth, airway management, breathing support, circulation checks, reassurance, and a semi-prone position.

Medical Ethics

Medical ethics encompass moral principles regarding what is right and wrong in medical practice and decision making.

Medical Imaging

X-rays: detect bone fractures and diseases using radiation. Non-invasive, but unsafe for repeated use.
Ultrasound: uses sound waves to image internal organs (safe for pregnant women).
CT (Computed Tomography): uses multiple x-rays for detailed cross-sectional images to identify tumors, injuries, or diseases.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): uses magnetic fields and radio waves for detailed soft tissue images, ideal for brain, spinal cord, and muscles. Radiation-free but longer scan times with possible claustrophobia concerns.

Implications of Incorrect Diagnosis

Incorrect diagnoses may lead to inappropriate treatment, delaying care, worsening patient condition, causing physical and psychological distress, and contributing to outbreaks of contagious disease.

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Description

Explore the multifaceted concept of the Wellness Wheel, which includes physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions of health. Understand the distinctions between Western medicine, Indigenous health practices, and complementary medicine while appreciating the significance of core values and community well-being.