Virus Transmission and Replication

<p>Influenza viruses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An initial weak binding by a virion to one or more receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reverse-transcribe RNA into DNA in the cytoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This method relies on low pH in the endosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virus entry into the host cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenovirus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure survival by increasing transmission opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission from parent to newborn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arboviruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of suitable receptors for binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By suppressing host defense mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dengue virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vector-borne transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A suitable permissive host cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription and translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the cytoplasm of the host cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of surface proteins on capsids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncoating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of fibers and spikes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can contain proteins crucial for attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows release of viral particles from the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entry of the virus into the host cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inducing the host cell to modify its synthesis pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the release of the virus genome from the capsid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Host RNA polymerase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate the binding of eukaryotic initiation factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By encoding their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once both virus genomes and structural proteins are present in sufficient quantities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate recognition by virus packaging proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Icosahedral capsid assembly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Budding through host cell membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-translational modifications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They replicate in the cytoplasm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a virus spreads from one host to another.

A host cell that allows a virus to replicate.

Virus transfer through physical contact, such as kissing or sexual contact.

Virus transmission from parent to newborn.

Virus spread by an intermediary organism (vector).

Viruses transmitted by arthropods (e.g., insects).

The process where a virus makes copies of itself inside a host cell.

Molecules on the host cell surface that viruses use to identify and attach to.

Proteins important for switching on the genes needed for viral replication.

Virus overcoming the body's immune system to allow for their replication.

The process by which a virus replicates within a host cell.

The initial step in viral replication, where the virus binds to specific receptor sites on the host cell.

The process by which a virus enters the host cell.

The process of releasing the viral genetic material from its protein coat.

The step in viral replication where new viral particles are created.

The process by which new viruses leave the host cell.

The processes where the viral genetic material is used to create viral proteins.

The process of making copies of the viral genetic material.

A virus without an envelope.

Proteins found on the surface of viruses that help with attachment and entry into host cells.

Initial weak binding of a virion to cell surface receptors, followed by stronger binding as more surface proteins attach.

The virus envelope directly merging with the host cell membrane, allowing entry of the virus.

The virus's entry into the cell by the cell's membrane surrounding the virus.

Replication occurs in the cytoplasm, except for influenza(nucleus) and retroviruses(cytoplasm and nucleus).

Influenza requires host enzymes for genome replication in the nucleus.

RNA is transcribed into DNA, then enters the nucleus during mitosis.

Proteins arranged on the virus's lipid envelope, often glycoproteins.

Viruses without an envelope and enter the host cell through endocytosis.

Most RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm due to their own enzymes.

Step 2 of viral infection where viruses enter a host cell using either membrane fusion or endocytosis.

The process where a virus makes copies of its genetic material and proteins inside a host cell.

The removal of the virus's protein coat to release the viral genetic material.

The process of creating messenger RNA (mRNA) from viral DNA or RNA.

Using mRNA instructions to create viral proteins.

Putting together the components of a new virus.

Putting the viral genetic material inside the protein shell or capsid.

A method of viral release where the virus forms a new envelope by pushing through the host cell's membrane.

An enzyme that helps DNA viruses create RNA from their genetic material.

An enzyme that RNA viruses use to create RNA from their own RNA genetic material.

The transportation pathways used by DNA viruses to transfer their genome to the nucleus.