Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
- Skin lesions
- Genital route
- Respiratory route (correct)
- Blood transfusion
What is the least common route of transmission for viruses?
What is the least common route of transmission for viruses?
- Respiratory route
- Genital route (correct)
- Blood transfusion
- Skin lesions
What is a potential source of infection from blood transfusions?
What is a potential source of infection from blood transfusions?
- Measles
- Hepatitis B (correct)
- Hepatitis A
- Mumps
What is vertical transmission?
What is vertical transmission?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplants?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplants?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
What kind of individuals are at risk for transmission through medical or surgical instruments, blood transfusions and blood products, and organ transplantation?
What kind of individuals are at risk for transmission through medical or surgical instruments, blood transfusions and blood products, and organ transplantation?
Which cells are key for the establishment of infection after successful entry of the virus?
Which cells are key for the establishment of infection after successful entry of the virus?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of a viral infection?
Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of a viral infection?
What is the relationship between viral pathogenesis and host permissiveness?
What is the relationship between viral pathogenesis and host permissiveness?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
How can virulence for each type of virus be determined?
How can virulence for each type of virus be determined?
What is the balance in viral pathogenesis?
What is the balance in viral pathogenesis?
What is the role of oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens in tumor formation?
What is the role of oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens in tumor formation?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
Which two cancers have been associated with viral etiology?
Which two cancers have been associated with viral etiology?
What is the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in normal cell proliferation?
What is the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in normal cell proliferation?
What is the role of oncogenes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the role of oncogenes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What is the virus associated with cervical cancer?
What is the virus associated with cervical cancer?
What is the role of HBV in hepatocarcinogenesis?
What is the role of HBV in hepatocarcinogenesis?
What is the incubation period?
What is the incubation period?
Which of the following is a modality of viral elimination?
Which of the following is a modality of viral elimination?
What is a latent infection?
What is a latent infection?
Which of the following viruses can diffuse through the nervous route?
Which of the following viruses can diffuse through the nervous route?
What characterizes chronic infections?
What characterizes chronic infections?
What is the main cause of chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the main cause of chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What is the association between EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the association between EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the significance of the translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14?
What is the significance of the translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14?
What are some examples of slow infections?
What are some examples of slow infections?
What is a cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is a cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What are prions?
What are prions?
What are some examples of cytopathic effects?
What are some examples of cytopathic effects?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is transformation?
What is transformation?
What is the difference between immortalization and unordered stacked growth in transformation?
What is the difference between immortalization and unordered stacked growth in transformation?
What is the major role of apoptosis in fighting viral infections?
What is the major role of apoptosis in fighting viral infections?
What are some mechanisms developed by viruses to overcome host processes specifically activated to fight viral infections?
What are some mechanisms developed by viruses to overcome host processes specifically activated to fight viral infections?
What is the virion?
What is the virion?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease?
What determines the virulence of each type of virus?
What determines the virulence of each type of virus?
What is the most important event in viral pathogenesis?
What is the most important event in viral pathogenesis?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
Which route of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions, such as contaminated food and poor environmental remediation?
Which route of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions, such as contaminated food and poor environmental remediation?
Which of the following is a potential source of infection for viruses, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV?
Which of the following is a potential source of infection for viruses, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV?
Which type of transmission is influenced by the degree of sexual promiscuity and only interests adults?
Which type of transmission is influenced by the degree of sexual promiscuity and only interests adults?
Which type of transmission may be subject to environmental and seasonal influences?
Which type of transmission may be subject to environmental and seasonal influences?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
Which virus is associated with cervical cancer?
Which virus is associated with cervical cancer?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
What is the role of a promoter in tumor formation?
What is the role of a promoter in tumor formation?
What is the function of oncogenes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the function of oncogenes in cellular homeostasis?
Which viruses are associated with widespread tumors in humans?
Which viruses are associated with widespread tumors in humans?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the possible reason for neoplastic transformation due to oncogenes?
What is the possible reason for neoplastic transformation due to oncogenes?
What is the interval between acquisition of infection and transmission of infection to another individual called?
What is the interval between acquisition of infection and transmission of infection to another individual called?
What is the phenomenon called when the virus remains in the form of integrated nucleic acid into the host cell genome or present in the cell nucleus in the episomic form?
What is the phenomenon called when the virus remains in the form of integrated nucleic acid into the host cell genome or present in the cell nucleus in the episomic form?
Which of the following viruses are suspected to have some forms of latency?
Which of the following viruses are suspected to have some forms of latency?
What is the characteristic of chronic infections?
What is the characteristic of chronic infections?
What are the main modalities of viral elimination?
What are the main modalities of viral elimination?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplantation?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplantation?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
What is the route of dissemination that presupposes the lymphatic drainage of the virions and their release into the circulation?
What is the route of dissemination that presupposes the lymphatic drainage of the virions and their release into the circulation?
What are slow infections characterized by?
What are slow infections characterized by?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is the potential outcome of a virus-induced transformation?
What is the potential outcome of a virus-induced transformation?
Which of the following is an example of a slow infection?
Which of the following is an example of a slow infection?
What is the less common, but frequent route of transmission for viruses?
What is the less common, but frequent route of transmission for viruses?
Which route of transmission for viruses is poorly influenced by social and economic conditions, but can suffer environmental and seasonal influences?
Which route of transmission for viruses is poorly influenced by social and economic conditions, but can suffer environmental and seasonal influences?
What is the potential source of infection through blood transfusion?
What is the potential source of infection through blood transfusion?
What is the modality of transmission for viruses that is influenced by social and economic conditions, as in case of contaminated food and poor environmental remediation?
What is the modality of transmission for viruses that is influenced by social and economic conditions, as in case of contaminated food and poor environmental remediation?
Which modality of transmission for viruses may be subject to environmental and seasonal influences, caused by skin lesions from insects and animals?
Which modality of transmission for viruses may be subject to environmental and seasonal influences, caused by skin lesions from insects and animals?
What is the role of oncogenes in normal cell proliferation?
What is the role of oncogenes in normal cell proliferation?
What is the difference between initiators and promoters in tumor formation?
What is the difference between initiators and promoters in tumor formation?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?
Which virus is associated with female cervical cancer?
Which virus is associated with female cervical cancer?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
Which viruses are capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?
Which viruses are capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?
What is the process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous?
What is the process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the result of several cumulative effects that change the control of cell proliferation?
What is the result of several cumulative effects that change the control of cell proliferation?
Which individuals are at risk for transmission through medical or surgical instruments, blood transfusions and blood products, and organ transplantation?
Which individuals are at risk for transmission through medical or surgical instruments, blood transfusions and blood products, and organ transplantation?
What is the role of apoptosis in the release of naked viruses?
What is the role of apoptosis in the release of naked viruses?
What are localized infections?
What are localized infections?
What is distant spread?
What is distant spread?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
Which viruses are capable of replication in cells residing in the superficial layers of the dermis?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
What virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?
What is the role of rising plasma levels of liver enzymes in chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the role of rising plasma levels of liver enzymes in chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the main cause of HBV hepatocarcinogenesis?
What is the main cause of HBV hepatocarcinogenesis?
What is the association between E6 and E7 proteins and HPV-related cancer?
What is the association between E6 and E7 proteins and HPV-related cancer?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma in children in central Africa and New Guinea?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma in children in central Africa and New Guinea?
What is the difference in viral genome location between benign neoplasia and cervix carcinoma caused by HPV?
What is the difference in viral genome location between benign neoplasia and cervix carcinoma caused by HPV?
What is the definition of pathogenesis in the context of viral infections?
What is the definition of pathogenesis in the context of viral infections?
What is the role of the virion in viral infections?
What is the role of the virion in viral infections?
What determines the virulence of a virus?
What determines the virulence of a virus?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What is the link between viral pathogenesis and host permissiveness?
What is the link between viral pathogenesis and host permissiveness?
What are slow infections characterized by?
What are slow infections characterized by?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What are some examples of slow infections?
What are some examples of slow infections?
What is the difference between cytocide infections and transformation?
What is the difference between cytocide infections and transformation?
What is the incubation period?
What is the incubation period?
What is the difference between the incubation period and the generation time?
What is the difference between the incubation period and the generation time?
What is the main modality of viral elimination?
What is the main modality of viral elimination?
What is a chronic infection?
What is a chronic infection?
What is a latent infection?
What is a latent infection?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is transformation?
What is transformation?
What are the major animal viruses capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?
What are the major animal viruses capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?
What is a tumor?
What is a tumor?
What is the process by which a virus enters a host cell and replicates inside it called?
What is the process by which a virus enters a host cell and replicates inside it called?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
Which type of infections are restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
What are the main ways viruses can be transmitted through?
What are the main ways viruses can be transmitted through?
What is the mechanism by which viruses can migrate to find cells permissive for viral replication?
What is the mechanism by which viruses can migrate to find cells permissive for viral replication?
Which type of infections are superficial and affect the skin, conjunctiva, and mucous membranes?
Which type of infections are superficial and affect the skin, conjunctiva, and mucous membranes?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease called?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease called?
What represents the inert form of a virus?
What represents the inert form of a virus?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What determines the virulence of each type of virus?
What determines the virulence of each type of virus?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival called?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival called?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
Which of the following is a potential source of infection from blood products?
Which of the following is a potential source of infection from blood products?
Which of the following is a virus that can be transmitted through breast-feeding?
Which of the following is a virus that can be transmitted through breast-feeding?
Which of the following is a virus that can be transmitted through the genital route?
Which of the following is a virus that can be transmitted through the genital route?
Which of the following routes of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions?
Which of the following routes of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions?
What is a slow infection characterized by?
What is a slow infection characterized by?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is the potential outcome of a virus-induced transformation?
What is the potential outcome of a virus-induced transformation?
What is a prion?
What is a prion?
What is the role of the E2 gene in HPV-related cancer?
What is the role of the E2 gene in HPV-related cancer?
What is the virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What is the main mechanism responsible for chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes?
What is the main mechanism responsible for chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What percentage of translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14 is observed in cases of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What percentage of translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14 is observed in cases of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
Which virus is associated with primary effusion lymphoma (BCLB)?
Which virus is associated with primary effusion lymphoma (BCLB)?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
Which virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
Which virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
What is the incubation period?
What is the incubation period?
What is the generation time?
What is the generation time?
Which viruses can cause latent infections?
Which viruses can cause latent infections?
What is the main modality of viral elimination through the body?
What is the main modality of viral elimination through the body?
What is a chronic infection?
What is a chronic infection?
What is responsible for chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is responsible for chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What is the causative agent of Burkitt's lymphoma?
What is the percentage of cases of translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14?
What is the percentage of cases of translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What are some mechanisms used by viruses to overcome host processes activated to fight viral infections?
What are some mechanisms used by viruses to overcome host processes activated to fight viral infections?
What is transformation?
What is transformation?
What is a tumor?
What is a tumor?
What is the difference between immortalization and unordered stacked growth in the process of transformation?
What is the difference between immortalization and unordered stacked growth in the process of transformation?
What is the role of oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens in tumor formation?
What is the role of oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens in tumor formation?
What are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?
What are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?
What is the difference between v-onc and c-onc genes?
What is the difference between v-onc and c-onc genes?
What is the function of the proteins encoded by oncogenes?
What is the function of the proteins encoded by oncogenes?
What is the difference between complete carcinogens and other agents?
What is the difference between complete carcinogens and other agents?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease called?
What is the process by which a viral infection causes a disease called?
What is the inert form of the virus called?
What is the inert form of the virus called?
What creates a new entity called the infected cell?
What creates a new entity called the infected cell?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival called?
What is the double result of the spread of the virus and host survival called?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What are the important events in viral pathogenesis?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
What is the most common route of transmission for viruses?
Which route of transmission for viruses is influenced by social and economic conditions?
Which route of transmission for viruses is influenced by social and economic conditions?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplants?
What is the potential risk associated with organ transplants?
What is the term used to describe the transmission of a virus from mother to child?
What is the term used to describe the transmission of a virus from mother to child?
Which virus can be transmitted through breast-feeding?
Which virus can be transmitted through breast-feeding?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What is the most common route of dissemination for viruses?
What are some examples of localized infections?
What are some examples of localized infections?
What is the main factor for the establishment of infection after a virus enters the body?
What is the main factor for the establishment of infection after a virus enters the body?
What is the mechanism by which some viruses can spread to the central nervous system?
What is the mechanism by which some viruses can spread to the central nervous system?
What is the difference between localized and systemic infections?
What is the difference between localized and systemic infections?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is transformation?
What is transformation?
What is the role of tumor antigens (T) in some cases of tumor formation?
What is the role of tumor antigens (T) in some cases of tumor formation?
What is the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?
What is the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?
What is the potential outcome of neoplastic transformation caused by oncogenes?
What is the potential outcome of neoplastic transformation caused by oncogenes?
Which type of viruses are able to induce transformation and/or tumor in vitro and in vivo?
Which type of viruses are able to induce transformation and/or tumor in vitro and in vivo?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes in cellular homeostasis?
What is the role of CTL in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the role of CTL in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
What is the role of HBV genome integration in cell genome?
What is the role of HBV genome integration in cell genome?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
What is the role of E6 and E7 proteins in HPV-related cancer?
Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
What is the association of EBV with B lymphocytes?
What is the association of EBV with B lymphocytes?
What is the incubation period of a viral infection?
What is the incubation period of a viral infection?
What is the difference between the incubation period and the generation time?
What is the difference between the incubation period and the generation time?
Which of the following is a modality of viral elimination?
Which of the following is a modality of viral elimination?
What is a latent infection?
What is a latent infection?
What characterizes chronic infections?
What characterizes chronic infections?
What is a characteristic of slow infections?
What is a characteristic of slow infections?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by viruses?
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by viruses?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is the difference between cytocide infections and transformation caused by viral infection?
What is the difference between cytocide infections and transformation caused by viral infection?
What is an example of a virus that causes slow infections?
What is an example of a virus that causes slow infections?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
What virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
What virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?
What virus is associated with cervical cancer?