Virus Transmission and Inactivation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the viral capsid?

  • To aid in the delivery of nucleic acid to the host cell for infection (correct)
  • To trigger an immune response in the host
  • To replicate within the living cells of a host
  • To produce antibodies to fight the virus

    • What is the difference between naked and enveloped virus release?

  • Enveloped viruses are released by cell lysis
  • Enveloped viruses are more likely to cause cell damage (correct)
  • Naked viruses are usually released by exocytosis
  • Naked viruses leave the host cell intact

    • What is the function of interferon α in combating viral infection?

  • Destroying infected cells
  • Halting protein synthesis in infected cells (correct)
  • Producing antibodies to free the virus
  • Inducing cell-mediated immune response

    • How are primary histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules involved in combating viral infection?

    <p>Presenting viral antigens to T lymphocytes to induce a cell-mediated immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a virus having an envelope?

    <p>It impacts how the virus replicates and infects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of natural killer (NK) cells during viral infection?

    <p>To destroy infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of spike glycoproteins and fusion proteins in enveloped viruses?

    <p>To assist with viral attachment and entry into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of replication?

    <p>Viruses cannot replicate on their own, while bacteria can divide on their own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between viruses and bacteria in terms of metabolic activity?

    <p>Viruses are metabolically inert, while bacteria can make energy and encoded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many families of human pathogens are contained within RNA viruses?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a virion?

    <p>A single, infective, complete, and mature viral particle that can deliver the viral genome and lead to a productive infection in an appropriate host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main structures of a virus?

    <p>Capsid, Envelope, Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of antiviral medications?

    <p>To prevent the virus from completing its metabolic process for self-replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Palivizumab?

    <p>Targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to prevent fusion to the host cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the side effects of Amantadine?

    <p>Nausea, anorexia, nervousness, insomnia, seizures, and livedo reticularis (reddish-blue mottling of the skin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional potential use for Amantadine?

    <p>Treatment of Parkinson's Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Acyclovir exert its antiviral activity?

    <p>By acting as a substrate and inhibitor of viral DNA-polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Interferon-α?

    <p>Halting protein synthesis in uninfected cells and helping mount an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses are more likely to be transmitted via direct host-to-host contact or inhalation?

    <p>Enveloped viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of having an envelope for a virus?

    <p>Enveloped viruses have more surface proteins, enhancing their ability to infect and replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines host range and specificity in viruses?

    <p>Cell susceptibility and permissiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six steps of the viral replication cycle?

    <p>Attachment, uncoating, replication, assembly, release, and maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of an effective neutralizing antibody?

    <p>Membrane glycoprotein of an enveloped virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nucleic acid that makes up a viral genome?

    <p>DNA or RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method that viruses use to replicate within host cells?

    <p>By using the host cell's machinery and building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do naked viruses penetrate the host cell?

    <p>By creating a new opening in the host cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines which cells/tissues/organisms will be affected by a virus?

    <p>Virus cell susceptibility and host cell permissiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between viral attachment and viral adhesion?

    <p>Attachment refers to binding of the virion, adhesion refers to the penetration of the virus into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a virus initially bind to a cell receptor?

    <p>Through electrostatic forces, followed by other short-range forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutralizing antibodies in viral entry?

    <p>To block viral penetration into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?

    <p>Facilitate entry of viruses into the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are karyopherins responsible for?

    <p>Allowing viruses to infect non-dividing, terminally differentiated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process includes genome duplication, gene transcription, and protein translation?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does viral assembly occur?

    <p>Different cellular compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is limited by the size of the capsid?

    <p>Packaging of viral genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during envelopment in enveloped viruses?

    <p>They acquire an external membrane layer derived from a host organelle or the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nucleic acid in a virus?

    <p>Contains genetic instructions for replication and host cell infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is involved in allowing viruses to infect non-dividing, terminally differentiated cells?

    <p>Karyopherins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does viral packaging involve?

    <p>Incorporation of viral genetic material into the capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do enveloped viruses acquire an external membrane layer from?

    <p>Host organelle or the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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