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Questions and Answers
What does viral tropism refer to?
What does viral tropism refer to?
- The amount of virus present in the blood plasma
- The combination of damage produced by the virus and the immune response
- The overall immune response to a virus
- The ability of a virus to enter and replicate within specific cell types or tissues (correct)
Which term describes the amount of virus present in the blood plasma?
Which term describes the amount of virus present in the blood plasma?
- LD50, PD50, ID50, TCID50
- Persistent infection
- Invasiveness
- Viral load (correct)
What does persistent infection refer to?
What does persistent infection refer to?
- The ability of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue
- The combined activity of both innate and acquired immune defenses to clear or control a viral infection
- The amount of virus present in the blood plasma
- An infection that the host is unable to clear (correct)
What are defense mechanisms to viral infections primarily composed of?
What are defense mechanisms to viral infections primarily composed of?
What do methods to determine viral virulence describe?
What do methods to determine viral virulence describe?
What is the term for an infection characterized by the presence of a dormant viral genome and the potential to reactivate and produce virions?
What is the term for an infection characterized by the presence of a dormant viral genome and the potential to reactivate and produce virions?
What do we call the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome?
What do we call the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome?
Which term refers to the host cells and tissues that a virus is able to infect, determining the pathology and point of entry for viral replication?
Which term refers to the host cells and tissues that a virus is able to infect, determining the pathology and point of entry for viral replication?
What is the term for genes that an organism (virus) cannot live without?
What is the term for genes that an organism (virus) cannot live without?
What do we call a long-term infection in which the virus remains present in the body?
What do we call a long-term infection in which the virus remains present in the body?
What is the consequence of deterioration of factors that guard against disease?
What is the consequence of deterioration of factors that guard against disease?
What are permissive cells?
What are permissive cells?
What is the difference between acute and cyclic viral infections?
What is the difference between acute and cyclic viral infections?
What is a common strategy used by viruses to achieve high yields?
What is a common strategy used by viruses to achieve high yields?
What is the function of viroceptors?
What is the function of viroceptors?
What is the term for a specific immune response that targets a particular viral pathogen to eliminate it?
What is the term for a specific immune response that targets a particular viral pathogen to eliminate it?
How are vertically transmitted viruses passed from a pregnant mother to her fetus or newborn?
How are vertically transmitted viruses passed from a pregnant mother to her fetus or newborn?
What is the process of cell-to-cell membrane fusion, leading to the formation of multinucleated giant cells, characteristic of several viral infections?
What is the process of cell-to-cell membrane fusion, leading to the formation of multinucleated giant cells, characteristic of several viral infections?
What is the term for viruses that do not have an envelope and can cause disease by destroying infected tissue, leading to self-limited or self-limiting diseases?
What is the term for viruses that do not have an envelope and can cause disease by destroying infected tissue, leading to self-limited or self-limiting diseases?
How does a virus like Rhinovirus cause the common cold?
How does a virus like Rhinovirus cause the common cold?
Which type of transmission involves the spread of viruses from a pregnant mother to her child?
Which type of transmission involves the spread of viruses from a pregnant mother to her child?
What is the main function of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)?
What is the main function of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)?
Which virus is known for incorporating host molecules into its membrane, potentially increasing infectivity and virulence?
Which virus is known for incorporating host molecules into its membrane, potentially increasing infectivity and virulence?
What is the main characteristic of antigenic drift in viruses?
What is the main characteristic of antigenic drift in viruses?
How do viruses evade host immune responses by producing 'decoy' MHC molecules?
How do viruses evade host immune responses by producing 'decoy' MHC molecules?
What is the characteristic feature of a latent infection?
What is the characteristic feature of a latent infection?
What is the role of immune responses in viral disease?
What is the role of immune responses in viral disease?
What are some characteristic signs of a symptomatic viral infection?
What are some characteristic signs of a symptomatic viral infection?
What happens during viral clearance?
What happens during viral clearance?
What is the MOI (Multiplicity of Infection) of a virus?
What is the MOI (Multiplicity of Infection) of a virus?
What is the term used to describe the spread of a virus throughout the entire body through the circulatory system?
What is the term used to describe the spread of a virus throughout the entire body through the circulatory system?
How do viruses like RSV and influenza cause respiratory diseases?
How do viruses like RSV and influenza cause respiratory diseases?
What is bone marrow suppression?
What is bone marrow suppression?
What is the term used for aggregations of viral particles (mostly capsids) in the nucleus of infected cells?
What is the term used for aggregations of viral particles (mostly capsids) in the nucleus of infected cells?
How do commensal or mutualistic microorganisms interfere with viral infections?
How do commensal or mutualistic microorganisms interfere with viral infections?
What type of viruses can cause disease by either causing cell lysis or leading to persistent infections?
What type of viruses can cause disease by either causing cell lysis or leading to persistent infections?
Which virus is known as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)?
Which virus is known as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)?
What type of virus is a neurotropic virus that enters nerve cells through neuromuscular junctions and replicates in nerve cells?
What type of virus is a neurotropic virus that enters nerve cells through neuromuscular junctions and replicates in nerve cells?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What happens when viruses like RSV and influenza cause respiratory diseases?
What happens when viruses like RSV and influenza cause respiratory diseases?
What is the term used for an infection characterized by the presence of a dormant viral genome and the potential to reactivate and produce virions?
What is the term used for an infection characterized by the presence of a dormant viral genome and the potential to reactivate and produce virions?
Which term refers to the host cells and tissues that a virus is able to infect, determining the pathology and point of entry for viral replication?
Which term refers to the host cells and tissues that a virus is able to infect, determining the pathology and point of entry for viral replication?
What is the steady state of viral load that a body reaches within a few weeks or months after infection called?
What is the steady state of viral load that a body reaches within a few weeks or months after infection called?
What are genes that an organism (virus) cannot live without called?
What are genes that an organism (virus) cannot live without called?
What is the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome called?
What is the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome called?
What does viral tropism refer to?
What does viral tropism refer to?
What are defense mechanisms to viral infections primarily composed of?
What are defense mechanisms to viral infections primarily composed of?
What does persistent infection refer to?
What does persistent infection refer to?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What is the role of immune responses in viral disease?
What is the role of immune responses in viral disease?
What is the term for viruses that do not have an envelope and can cause disease by destroying infected tissue?
What is the term for viruses that do not have an envelope and can cause disease by destroying infected tissue?
What term refers to the site through which a virus enters the host's body?
What term refers to the site through which a virus enters the host's body?
What is the process by which mutations are naturally introduced in viruses, such as RNA viruses, due to the quasi-inexistent proofreading capacity of viral polymerases?
What is the process by which mutations are naturally introduced in viruses, such as RNA viruses, due to the quasi-inexistent proofreading capacity of viral polymerases?
Which type of transmission involves the spread of viruses through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with infected fecal matter?
Which type of transmission involves the spread of viruses through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with infected fecal matter?
What are vertically transmitted viruses that are passed from a pregnant mother to her fetus or newborn during childbirth or through breast milk called?
What are vertically transmitted viruses that are passed from a pregnant mother to her fetus or newborn during childbirth or through breast milk called?
What are permissive cells?
What are permissive cells?
What is the main characteristic of antigenic drift in viruses?
What is the main characteristic of antigenic drift in viruses?
What happens during viral clearance?
What happens during viral clearance?
What is the function of viroceptors?
What is the function of viroceptors?
What do we call the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus?
What do we call the decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus?
What type of viral infection involves a long incubation period before symptoms appear, often followed by a rapid death?
What type of viral infection involves a long incubation period before symptoms appear, often followed by a rapid death?
What do we call the number of virions that enter the body during an infection?
What do we call the number of virions that enter the body during an infection?
What is the characteristic of a viral infection that leads to the production of progeny virions?
What is the characteristic of a viral infection that leads to the production of progeny virions?
What happens during the prodromal phase of disease?
What happens during the prodromal phase of disease?
What is the difference between persistence and recurrence of infections?
What is the difference between persistence and recurrence of infections?
Which barrier prevents viruses from entering the central nervous system?
Which barrier prevents viruses from entering the central nervous system?
What is the main mechanism utilized by viruses to evade natural killer (NK) cell response?
What is the main mechanism utilized by viruses to evade natural killer (NK) cell response?
What term describes the process by which viruses modify the antigenicity of viral epitopes to evade host immune responses?
What term describes the process by which viruses modify the antigenicity of viral epitopes to evade host immune responses?
Which virus is known for causing skin lesions and resulting from viral activity in the cytoplasm, cell lysis, and syncytium formation?
Which virus is known for causing skin lesions and resulting from viral activity in the cytoplasm, cell lysis, and syncytium formation?
What is the process where viruses selectively infect certain tissues or organs within the host, often due to the sites being immune-privileged and thus avoiding immune responses?
What is the process where viruses selectively infect certain tissues or organs within the host, often due to the sites being immune-privileged and thus avoiding immune responses?
How do respiratory diseases caused by viruses like RSV and influenza occur?
How do respiratory diseases caused by viruses like RSV and influenza occur?
What does bone marrow suppression refer to?
What does bone marrow suppression refer to?
What is the characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
What is the characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
How do viruses like Rabies Virus enter nerve cells?
How do viruses like Rabies Virus enter nerve cells?
What are inclusion bodies in the context of viral infections?
What are inclusion bodies in the context of viral infections?
What is the alternative name for Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5)?
What is the alternative name for Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5)?
What is the term for a decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome?
What is the term for a decrease in virulence or ability to cause harm in a virus due to mutations in the viral genome?
How do commensal or mutualistic microorganisms interfere with viral infections?
How do commensal or mutualistic microorganisms interfere with viral infections?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What is meant by 'sharp turns in air passages and nasal turbinates'?
What is systemic spread in the context of viral infections?
What is systemic spread in the context of viral infections?
