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Virus Infection and Cell Tropism

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Questions and Answers

What controls which cell type a virus can infect?

The location of the virus in the environment

The presence of the appropriate receptor on the cell surface (correct)

The size of the virus

The age of the host organism

How do viruses enter the body?

By inhalation, ingestion, sexual intercourse, or inoculation through the skin or mucous membranes (correct)

By contact with infected individuals

By exposure to contaminated water or food

By genetic inheritance

How does a disseminated infection occur?

The virus causes localized infections with short incubation periods

The virus replicates initially at the site of entry and then spreads throughout the body (correct)

The virus remains confined to the site of entry

The virus enters nerve endings and travels to infect the central nervous system

What does the term 'incubation period' define?

The time from exposure to an organism to the onset of clinical disease Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses cause infection in the central nervous system?

They replicate locally initially, then enter nerve endings and travel up the axon to infect the central nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses gain entry into the body?

Inhalation, ingestion, sexual intercourse, or inoculation through the skin or mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor that controls which cell type a virus can infect?

Presence of the appropriate receptor on the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

How does a disseminated infection occur?

Virus replicates initially at the site of entry, then enters the blood or lymphatics and spreads throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

Which route of transmission may lead to vertical transmission of infection from a mother to her foetus?

Transplacental transmission Signup and view all the answers

What defines the time from exposure to an organism to the onset of clinical disease?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virus Infection and Transmission

The major factor that controls which cell type a virus can infect is the presence of specific receptors on the surface of the host cell.
Viruses enter the body through various routes, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin/mucous membrane portals.
A disseminated infection occurs when a virus spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, allowing it to infect multiple cells and organs.
The incubation period defines the time from exposure to an organism to the onset of clinical disease, during which the virus multiplies and causes infection.
Viruses can cause infection in the central nervous system by crossing the blood-brain barrier or through direct neural transmission.
Viruses gain entry into the body through various means, including respiratory droplets, contaminated food and water, and vector transmission (e.g., mosquito bites).
The vertical transmission of infection from a mother to her fetus can occur through the placenta, particularly during pregnancy, if the mother is infected with a virus.
The incubation period is the time between exposure to a virus and the onset of symptoms, during which the virus replicates and causes disease.

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Description

Explore the mechanisms of virus infection and cell tropism, including the factors influencing which cell types a virus can infect and the methods through which viruses enter the body. Learn about the role of receptors in virus entry and the various modes of viral transmission.